{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T22:47:29Z","timestamp":1772837249903,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COMPETE 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER funds","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030498"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds","award":["COMPETE 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE 2020"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Lisbon Scholarship for Open Access Publications","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030498"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Lisbon Scholarship for Open Access Publications","award":["COMPETE 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE 2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Barium titanate (BaTiO3) piezoelectric ceramic may be a potential alternative for promoting osseointegration due to its piezoelectric properties similar to bone electric potentials generated in loading function. In this sense, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cellular response of human osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts as well as the impact on S. oralis when in contact with BaTiO3 functionalized zirconia implant surfaces with piezoelectric properties. Zirconia discs with BaTiO3 were produced and contact poling (piezo activation) was performed. Osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19), fibroblasts (HGF hTERT) and S. oralis were culture on discs. Cell viability and morphology, cell differentiation markers, bacterial adhesion and growth were evaluated. The present study suggests that zirconia composite surfaces with the addition of piezoelectric BaTiO3 are not cytotoxic to peri-implant cells. Also, they seem to promote a faster initial osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, these surfaces may inhibit the growth of S. oralis by acting as a bacteriostatic agent over time. Although the piezoelectric properties do not affect the cellular inflammatory profile, they appear to enable the initial adhesion of bacteria, however this is not significant over the entire testing period. Furthermore, the addition of non-poled BaTiO3 to zirconia may have a potential reduction effect on IL-6 mediated-inflammatory activity in fibroblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics8040338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:24:24Z","timestamp":1690881864000},"page":"338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bio-Piezoelectric Ceramic Composites for Electroactive Implants\u2014Biological Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0334-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Ferreira","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group\u2014Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3454-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neusa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group\u2014Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8740-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Faria","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group\u2014Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6798-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Brito","family":"Da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group\u2014Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5782-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, 02780 Espoo, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe Samuel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5544-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Caram\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Implant & Tissue Regeneration Group\u2014Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), LIBPhys-FTC UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group\u2014Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), LIBPhys-FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CEMDBE\u2014Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.05.006","article-title":"Initial oral biofilm formation on titanium implants with different surface treatments: An in vivo study","volume":"69","author":"Franco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. 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