{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T08:06:27Z","timestamp":1768637187890,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00405\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00405\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00286\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00286\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00405\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00405\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00286\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00286\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00405\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00405\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"UnIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00286\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00286\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00405\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00405\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project LAQV REQUIMTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00286\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00286\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00405\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00405\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00286\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00286\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/IC\/00051\/2019"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/136881\/2018"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\/BD\/152911\/2023"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["IF\/00405\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00405\/2014"]}]},{"name":"COST Action CA21153 Network","award":["IF\/00286\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00286\/2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a myocardial stress biomarker that can be found in serum or plasma, saliva, and urine in the context of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we developed a rapid (~25 min) and straightforward localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based assay for detecting NT-proBNP in urine. The assay employs citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and an aptamer specific for NT-proBNP, which initially interacts with NT-proBNP. The remaining unbound aptamer then interacts with the AuNPs, and the addition of NaCl induces the aggregation of the unprotected AuNPs, resulting in a decrease in absorbance at the LSPR band (A521) and an increase in absorbance at 750 nm (A750). The concentration of NT-proBNP showed a linear correlation with the aggregation ratio (A521\/A750), and the assay demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.303 \u00b5g\u00b7L\u22121 and a detection range of 0.566\u20138 \u00b5g\u00b7L\u22121. However, the presence of sulfur-containing proteins in saliva and fetal bovine serum hindered the detection of NT-proBNP in these biofluids. Nevertheless, the assay successfully detected NT-proBNP in diluted urine with an LOD of 0.417 \u00b5g\u00b7L\u22121 and a detection range of 0.589\u20136 \u00b5g\u00b7L\u22121. The observed values in urine samples from preterm infants with cardiovascular disease fell within this range, indicating the potential clinical relevance of the assay. The recovery percentages ranged from 92.3 to 116.3%. Overall, our findings suggest that the LSPR-based assay for NT-proBNP detection in urine can be a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13070736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T01:06:36Z","timestamp":1689555996000},"page":"736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["LSPR-Based Aptasensor for Rapid Urinary Detection of NT-proBNP"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Ant\u00f3nio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3636-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Vitorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6581-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L.","family":"Daniel-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.113989","article-title":"Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: Preferred definitions and conceptual framework","volume":"69","author":"Atkinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.37","article-title":"Novel biomarkers in chronic heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Ahmad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.01.008","article-title":"Limited added value of circulating inflammatory biomarkers in chronic heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Nymo","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Hear. Fail."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.12.032","article-title":"The N-terminal Pro-BNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study","volume":"95","author":"Januzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AP021","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.129.suppl_1.p021","article-title":"NT-proBNP predicts incident heart failure among individuals in all BMI categories","volume":"129","author":"Ndumele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"A15360","article-title":"Abstract 15360: Biomarker-guided heart failure therapy results in significant reverse left ventricular remodeling among patients achieving NT-proBNP goal: Insights from the GUIDE-IT trial","volume":"136","author":"Daubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.017","article-title":"Association of NT-proBNP and BNP with future clinical outcomes in patients with ESKD: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Harrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foo, J.Y.Y., Wan, Y., Kostner, K., Arivalagan, A., Atherton, J., Cooper-White, J., Dimeski, G., and Punyadeera, C. (2012). NT-ProBNP levels in saliva and its clinical relevance to heart failure. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048452"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"A34","article-title":"Is an NTproBNP saliva test paving a new avenue for diagnosis and therapy monitoring of heart failure patients\u2014Insights from the KardiaTool study","volume":"107","author":"Glezeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-00970-0","article-title":"Urinary N-terminal pro\u2013B-type natriuretic peptide as a biomarker for cardiovascular events in a general Japanese population: The Hisayama Study","volume":"26","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.09.020","article-title":"Elevated urinary NT-proBNP after pharmacological closure of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants","volume":"89","author":"Celik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0581-9","article-title":"Urinary NT-proBNP as a potential noninvasive biomarker for screening of pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants: A pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Naeem","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.10.027","article-title":"Recent and potential developments of biofluid analyses in metabolomics","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127619","article-title":"Highly-sensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor for NT-proBNP using MoS2@Cu2S as signal-enhancer and multinary nanocrystals loaded in mesoporous UiO-66-NH2 as novel luminophore","volume":"307","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c00167","article-title":"Electrochemical detection of NT-proBNP using a metalloimmunoassay on a paper electrode platform","volume":"5","author":"Pollok","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sensors"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.12.025","article-title":"Original signal amplification assay for N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide detection based on Bi2MoO6 photosensitive matrix","volume":"1101","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1039\/C9LC00115H","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of multiple NT-proBNP clinical samples utilizing an aptamer-based sandwich assay on an integrated microfluidic system","volume":"19","author":"Sinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2006","article-title":"Sensitive determination of NT-proBNP for diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysms incidence on interdigitated electrode sensor","volume":"68","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR06367A","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensors","volume":"10","author":"Aldewachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NA00961J","article-title":"Gold nanomaterials for optical biosensing and bioimaging","volume":"3","author":"Si","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122345","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles-based assays for biodetection in urine","volume":"230","author":"Vitorino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Hayat, M.A. (1989). Colloidal Gold: Principles, Methods, and Applications, Academic Press, Inc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10644","DOI":"10.1021\/la0513712","article-title":"Biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles and their endocytotic fate inside the cellular compartment: A microscopic overview","volume":"21","author":"Shukla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.6b00506","article-title":"Surface modification of gold nanoparticles with small molecules for biochemical analysis","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10575","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00100","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles for in vitro diagnostics","volume":"115","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1021\/la0513353","article-title":"Tailoring surface plasmons through the morphology and assembly of metal nanoparticles","volume":"22","year":"2006","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ou, J., Zhou, Z., Chen, Z., and Tan, H. (2019). Optical diagnostic based on functionalized gold nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184346"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.065391","article-title":"Gold-nanoparticle-probe-based assay for rapid and direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in clinical samples","volume":"52","author":"Baptista","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.120868","article-title":"A simple aptamer-based colorimetric assay for rapid detection of C-reactive protein using gold nanoparticles","volume":"214","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1039\/D3AY00347G","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticle Probes for Colorimetric Detection of Plasma Galectin-3: A simple and rapid approach","volume":"15","author":"Lima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00100a008","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of Au colloid monolayers","volume":"67","author":"Grabar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1139\/p68-523","article-title":"Least-squares fitting of a straight line","volume":"46","author":"Williamson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Can. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5186.79345","article-title":"Methods for the determination of limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the analytical methods","volume":"2","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chron. Young Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.06.017","article-title":"DLS and zeta potential\u2014What they are and what they are not?","volume":"235","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.6b00634","article-title":"Circular Dichroism of DNA G-Quadruplexes: Combining Modeling and Spectroscopy to Unravel Complex Structures","volume":"120","author":"Gattuso","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.1.303","article-title":"Structural features of \u03c629 single-stranded DNA-binding protein. II. Global conformation of \u03c629 single-stranded DNA-binding protein and the effects of complex formation on the protein and the single-stranded DNA","volume":"272","author":"Soengas","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fasman, G.D. (1996). Circular Dichroism and the Conformational Analysis of Biomolecules, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2508-7"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.109856","article-title":"Surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles determines interactions with bovine serum albumin","volume":"103","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2019.02.005","article-title":"Study of alpha-amylase and gold nanoparticles interaction at two different temperatures through molecular dynamics","volume":"88","author":"Vahidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Graph. Model."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ant\u00f3nio, M., Lima, T., Vitorino, R., and Daniel-da-Silva, A.L. (2022). Interaction of colloidal gold nanoparticles with urine and saliva biofluids: An exploratory study. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12244434"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"(2022, October 21). Abcam Human NT-proBNP ELISA Kit Ab263877. Available online: https:\/\/www.abcam.com\/human-nt-probnp-elisa-kit-ab263877.html."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Invitrogen, T.F.S. (2022, October 21). Human proBNP (NPPB) ELISA Kit. Available online: https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/document-connect\/document-connect.html?url=https:\/\/assets.thermofisher.com\/TFS-Assets%2FLSG%2Fmanuals%2FEHPRONPPB.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2022, October 21). R&D Systems Human NT Pro-BNP DuoSet ELISA. Available online: https:\/\/resources.rndsystems.com\/pdfs\/datasheets\/dy3604.pdf?v=20230206&_ga=2.153616888.1304570867.1675692977-1476376389.1675692977&_gac=1.238676532.1675692977.EAIaIQobChMIn9ze3oqB_QIVt49oCR0TPQRAEAAYBCAAEgIILvD_BwE."}],"container-title":["Biosensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/13\/7\/736\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:13:04Z","timestamp":1760127184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/13\/7\/736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["bios13070736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios13070736","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]}}}