{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:34:17Z","timestamp":1759970057426,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birds"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious zoonotic pathogenic bacterium that has a major economic impact in the livestock industry throughout the world and causes unpredictable outbreaks in humans worldwide. Although it is known that birds are potential reservoirs of C. burnetii, their role in the epidemiological cycle of the pathogen has not been fully verified. Due to its non-specific symptoms and clinical signs, it is certainly an underdiagnosed disease. The objective of this study was to obtain more information on C. burnetii prevalence in wild birds in Portugal. Blood, plasma, and other tissue samples were obtained from wild birds admitted at wildlife rehabilitation centres in Portugal in the scope of passive surveillance. Antibodies specific to C. burnetii were screened using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Evidence of C. burnetii infection was sought based on the detection of bacterial DNA. No positive results were found, either in terms of antibodies to C. burnetii or molecular biology. These serological findings do not indicate the endemic circulation of C. burnetii in wild birds, which can be considered relevant information. However, a more complete and serialized approach over time is necessary to be able to make real inferences about the endemicity of the pathogen in the country and its dispersion among wild avian populations. qPCR results were also negative, a finding suggesting that this host population may not play a significant role in the transmission dynamics of C. burnetii. Given the importance of wild bird species as natural reservoirs of this zoonotic bacterium, we consider these data useful for multidisciplinary work in the prevention and control of Q fever, following a One Health approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/birds6010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T05:02:02Z","timestamp":1735880522000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular and Serological Screening Support the Lack of Coxiella burnetii Circulation in Wild Birds of Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-5333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre (CRAS), Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HVUTAD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), Porto University, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5433-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic University of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Quality of Life in the Rural World (Q-RURAL), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8374-3739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Gomes-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), Porto University, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9709-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic University of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Quality of Life in the Rural World (Q-RURAL), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Soeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Park of Gaia (PBG), Rua da Cunha, 4430-812 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre of Santo Andr\u00e9 (CRASSA), Quercus ANCN, Moinho Novo, Galiza, 7500-022 Vila Nova de Santo Andr\u00e9, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre (CRAS), Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HVUTAD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), Porto University, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9584-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/169195a0","article-title":"Experimental and natural infection of birds by Coxiella burneti","volume":"169","author":"Babudieri","year":"1952","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebani, V.V., and Mancianti, F. 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