{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:24:10Z","timestamp":1760239450878,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013276","name":"Interreg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1317_AD-EEGWA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1317_AD-EEGWA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain waves, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), are a powerful tool in the investigation of neurophysiological traits and a noninvasive and cost-effective alternative in the diagnostic of some neurological diseases. In order to identify novel Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for brain wave relative power (RP), we collected resting state EEG data in five frequency bands (\u03b4, \u03b8, \u03b1, \u03b21, and \u03b22) and genome-wide data in a cohort of 105 patients with late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease (LOAD), 41 individuals with mild cognitive impairment and 45 controls from Iberia, correcting for disease status. One novel association was found with an interesting candidate for a role in brain wave biology, CLEC16A (C-type lectin domain family 16), with a variant at this locus passing the adjusted genome-wide significance threshold after Bonferroni correction. This finding reinforces the importance of immune regulation in brain function. Additionally, at a significance cutoff value of 5 \u00d7 10\u22126, 18 independent association signals were detected. These signals comprise brain expression Quantitative Loci (eQTLs) in caudate basal ganglia, spinal cord, anterior cingulate cortex and hypothalamus, as well as chromatin interactions in adult and fetal cortex, neural progenitor cells and hippocampus. Moreover, in the set of genes showing signals of association with brain wave RP in our dataset, there is an overrepresentation of loci previously associated with neurological traits and pathologies, evidencing the pleiotropy of the genetic variation modulating brain function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10110870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T09:59:47Z","timestamp":1605693587000},"page":"870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genome-Wide Scan for Five Brain Oscillatory Phenotypes Identifies a New QTL Associated with Theta EEG Band"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Miguel \u00c2ngelo","family":"Rebelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IPATIMUP\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"I3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9488-0605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPATIMUP\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"I3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8577-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Poza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Matem\u00e1ticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPATIMUP\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"I3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Aar\u00f3n","family":"Maturana-Candelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1483-2265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00fal J.","family":"Ruiz-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Dur\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Familiares e Amigos de Doentes de Alzheimer, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o Norte, 4455-301 Lavra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Familiares e Amigos de Doentes de Alzheimer, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o Norte, 4455-301 Lavra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Figueruelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, 49021 Zamora, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, 49021 Zamora, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Pita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, 49021 Zamora, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0516-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TellmeGen, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9915-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Hornero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Matem\u00e1ticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"N\u00e1dia","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPATIMUP\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"I3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Matem\u00e1tica da, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPATIMUP\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"I3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulert, C., and Lemieux, L. 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