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Current interventions for addiction, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), have been suggested to improve this inability. Nonetheless, the effects of tDCS on waiting impulsivity and underlying electrophysiological (EEG) markers are still not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of neuromodulation over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) on the behavior and EEG markers of reward anticipation (i.e., cue and target-P3 and underlying delta\/theta power) during a premature responding task. For that, forty healthy subjects participated in two experimental sessions, where they received active and sham tDCS over the rIFG combined with EEG recording during the task. To evaluate transfer effects, participants also performed two control tasks to assess delay discounting and motor inhibition. The active tDCS decreased the cue-P3 and target-P3 amplitudes, as well as delta power during target-P3. While no tDCS effects were found for motor inhibition, active tDCS increased the discounting of future rewards when compared to sham. These findings suggest a tDCS-induced modulation of the P3 component and underlying oscillatory activity during waiting impulsivity and the discounting of future rewards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14020168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T11:03:14Z","timestamp":1707303794000},"page":"168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Decreases P3 Amplitude and Inherent Delta Activity during a Waiting Impulsivity Paradigm: Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Augusto J.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5242-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Galdo-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicolox\u00eda Cl\u00ednica e Psicobiolox\u00eda, Facultade de Psicolox\u00eda, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 1205 Galicia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0586-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Lema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1759-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, William James Center for Research (WJCR), University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Center for Health Technology and Services Research at the Associate Laboratory RISE\u2014Health Research Network, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0323-9012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000541","article-title":"TDCS in Addiction and Impulse Control Disorders","volume":"34","author":"Lapenta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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