{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:52:59Z","timestamp":1775890379977,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and networking has promoted the occurrence of different forms of victimization, specifically in terms of interpersonal interaction (e.g., cyberbullying or online risk-taking behaviour), which also includes cyber dating abuse (CDA). Some studies report that CDA is an extension of offline dating abuse (ODA). Because Portuguese studies in this area are scarce, this study aims to bridge this knowledge gap, seeking to investigate the extent and the context of CDA occurrence, and the relationship between CDA and all forms of ODA, i.e., physical, verbal\u2013emotional and control. A convenience sample of 173 Portuguese adolescents and young adults was studied. This sample is mostly female (86.7%), has a mean (M) age of 25.36 years old and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.88 years of age. The results show that CDA and ODA among the Portuguese are very prevalent and related. Control (31.8 vs. 20.8%) and verbal\u2013emotional ODA (26.7 vs. 20.2%) as well as control CDA (38.2 vs. 43.4%) were the most prevalent forms of abuse, either in terms of victimization or in terms of perpetration. The results also showed that CDA usually appears in a context of jealousy, also explaining control CDA and CDA direct aggression. A significant relationship between control CDA and CDA direct aggression and physical, verbal\u2013emotional and control ODA was found. Experiencing control and verbal\u2013emotional ODA are the main risk factors of control CDA victimization. This study allows to lay the groundwork for further research on dating victimization and perpetration through ICT, and has important practical implications at the level of Portuguese prevention strategies and intervention policies, thus emphasizing the role of the official authorities and the law itself.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs10100152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T08:35:57Z","timestamp":1601886957000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cyber and Offline Dating Abuse in a Portuguese Sample: Prevalence and Context of Abuse"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0387-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Caridade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Permanent Observatory Violence and Crime (OPVC), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Gender Studies (CIEG) of the Higher Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon (ISCSP-UL), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2952-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder Fernando Pedrosa","family":"e Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics (DM.UTAD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alzira Pimenta","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Permanent Observatory Violence and Crime (OPVC), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.12.010","article-title":"Using technology to control intimate partners: An exploratory study of college undergraduates","volume":"27","author":"Burke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. 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