{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T07:07:34Z","timestamp":1768633654464,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, IP","award":["UID\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04748\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, IP","award":["UID04045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID04045\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the tactical knowledge of young football players in different playing positions during a three-a-side small-sided game (SSG). Observational data was collected from 71 players (M = 12.16; SD = 1.55 years): 11 goalkeepers, 22 defenders, 15 midfielders, and 23 forwards. In total, 4 min of three-a-side SSGs (GR + 3 vs. 3 + GR) were recorded to assess tactical performance using a digital camera (GoPro Hero 6\u00ae version 02.01). The SSGs were performed on a field with a constant area (36 \u00d7 27 m). Video analyses were performed using LongoMatch\u00ae version 1.5.9 to record football performance; we then assessed tactical performance by using the Football Tactical Assessment System (Fut-Sat). This instrument evaluates the average of well-defined action indexes for each game in decision making principle and motor skills, specifically: (i) Decision Making Index (DMI); (ii) Motor Effectiveness Index (MEI); (iii) Effectiveness Index (I). The indexes were calculated by the ratio between the correct actions and the total. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was used to evaluate differences between playing positions. The results showed that tactical performance by principles seems to be significantly different according to playing position. Differences were found between defenders and forwards (H = \u221211.92; p = 0.03) and defenders and midfielders (H = \u221216.13; p = 0.01) in contention principle. In conclusion, tactical knowledge of training based on the principles of the game can help coaches and players better understand and predict each player\u2019s actions during the game.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13040310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T05:42:44Z","timestamp":1680673364000},"page":"310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Tactical Knowledge by Decision Making and Motor Efficiency of Young Football Players in Different Playing Positions during a Three-a-Side Small-Sided Game"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Em\u00edlia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, CIAFEL, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4612-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eduardo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1327-8872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESECS- Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7179-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"ESECS- Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-9430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESECS- Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0184-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0851-7","article-title":"Talent Identification and Development in Male Football: A Systematic Review","volume":"48","author":"Sarmento","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.536849","article-title":"The Long-Term Athlete Development model: Physiological evidence and application","volume":"29","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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