{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:18:19Z","timestamp":1774624699226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":226,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/DTP\/04045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/DTP\/04045\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is evidence of a relationship between motor and cognitive development. The literature has shown that of all the motor skills, fine motor skills are those that contribute most to mathematical performance in preschool children. As this is a sensitive period in the development of motor skills, low levels of physical activity in this period can compromise their development and contribute to weight gain and obesity. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the relationship between mathematical and motor skills, physical activity levels, and obesity. The sample consisted of 62 preschool children (32 males) with an average age of 4.63 \u00b1 0.81. The Weschler preschool and primary scale of intelligence\u2014revised arithmetic test was used to assess mathematical skills. The tests to assess fine motor skills were the \u201cAdapted Threading Beads Test\u201d and the \u201cAdapted Visuomotor Integration Test\u201d. The movement assessment battery for children-2, band 1, \u201cAiming &amp; Catching\u201d, and \u201cBalance\u201d tests were used to assess gross motor skills. Levels of physical activity were assessed using the \u201cPreschool-age physical activity questionnaire\u201d and obesity using the body mass index. The results indicated that only the fine motor skills of visuomotor integration were included in the multiple linear regression model (F &lt; 0.001; r = 0.464; R2 = 0.215; p &lt; 0.001), with the exclusion of gross motor skills, physical activity levels, and obesity levels. Thus, it was concluded that mathematical skills were only directly and significantly influenced by visuomotor integration. However, visuomotor integration was positively and significantly associated with gross motor skills (r = 0.269; p &lt; 0.05) and not with levels of physical activity and obesity. Thus, gross motor skills could contribute to improving visuomotor integration directly and consequently mathematical skills indirectly. The results of this study suggest that the implementation of structured physical activity programs can contribute to mathematical performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13121000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T03:35:31Z","timestamp":1701920131000},"page":"1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Relationships between Math Skills, Motor Skills, Physical Activity, and Obesity in Typically Developing Preschool Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2462-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Education and Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-3294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Mour\u00e3o-Carvalhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0184-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Education and Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sports, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-252 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth (2006). 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