{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:24:03Z","timestamp":1760059443394,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["001\/2023","UID\/05704\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001\/2023","UID\/05704\/2023"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["001\/2023","UID\/05704\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001\/2023","UID\/05704\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Employment Stimulus\u2014Institutional Call","award":["001\/2023","UID\/05704\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001\/2023","UID\/05704\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in countless losses around the world, profoundly affecting the lives of many people, especially those who faced the death of family members, bringing several negative repercussions to these families and constraining the experience of grief. This study aimed to understand the experience of loss and grief among bereaved individuals who lost family members during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study was guided by Charmaz\u2019s constructivist grounded theory as a methodological framework. The study adhered to the Criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. Data collection took place between May and November 2023 through telephone interviews that were audio-recorded and later transcribed in full. The purposive sample consisted of 21 bereaved family members who had lost their loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were mainly female (n = 16) with a mean age of 55.5 (SD = 16.2). The loss of their family members occurred 12 to 24 months before data collection. The following central phenomenon was identified through the analytical process: \u201cFamily experience of loss and grief: between the unspoken goodbye and post-loss adjustment\u201d. This was anchored in the following three categories: (1) Anguish and fear of the unknown; (2) Death by COVID-19\u2014communication of death and lack of goodbyes; and (3) (Re)construction of meaning\u2014support networks and the grieving process. Our findings recommend that policymakers allocate additional resources to grief support services to better prepare for future pandemic events. Furthermore, it is necessary to invest in the implementation of relevant training programs for healthcare professionals, with a family centered approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15060829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T11:53:14Z","timestamp":1750161194000},"page":"829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Loss and Grief Among Bereaved Family Members During COVID-19 in Brazil: A Grounded Theory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Paola Kallyanna Guarneri Carvalho de","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua das Olhalvas, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of \u00c9vora, 7000-801 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi","family":"Baldissera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Viviani Camboin","family":"Meireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanessa Cristina","family":"Baccon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermagem, Unicesumar, Av. Guedner, 1610-Jardim Aclima\u00e7\u00e3o, Maring\u00e1 87050-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Lashayane Eohanne","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Amira Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Smouha, Alexandria 21527, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9308-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Fontes","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda do Prado","family":"Tostes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria Aparecida","family":"Salci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maring\u00e1, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"Bereaved families: The process of elaborating grief as a result of death from COVID-19","volume":"4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientia Generalis"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2021.1931984","article-title":"Beyond a traumatic loss: The experiences of mourning alone after parental death during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"46","author":"Asgari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Death Studies"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e545111234675","DOI":"10.33448\/rsd-v11i12.34675","article-title":"Analysis of family grief in the context of COVID-19: An integrative review","volume":"11","author":"Barbosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research, Society and Development"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"e4043","article-title":"Striking a new balance: A qualitative study of how family life has been affected by COVID-19","volume":"31","author":"Barreto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barros-Lane, L., Germany, A., Smith, P., and Stovall, T. 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