{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T12:15:47Z","timestamp":1777292147836,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work evaluated the photocatalytic activity of 3D-printed cementitious mortar specimens functionalized with TiO2 nanoparticles to obtain a multifunctional and smart concrete. This research aims to assess the influence of different parameters related to the functionalization process such as adsorption, coating time gaps, and coating rates on the degradation efficiency of the functionalized cementitious specimens. Each specimen was evaluated under the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in an aqueous solution using a sun-light simulation. The obtained results showed a decrease in adsorption (under dark condition) with increasing the sample curing age. The highest photocatalytic efficiency was observed for coated samples aged 7 days. By increasing the coating rates, the photocatalytic efficiency is enhanced. Nonetheless, regardless of the coating rates, all the specimens showed an increase in photocatalytic efficiency for longer time periods of light exposition, i.e., after 8 h of irradiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings11090381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T09:53:23Z","timestamp":1630058003000},"page":"381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Development of Photocatalytic 3D-Printed Cementitious Mortars: Influence of the Curing, Spraying Time Gaps and TiO2 Coating Rates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9931-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behzad","family":"Zahabizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISISE, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4199-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iran Rocha","family":"Segundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTAC, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Azur\u00e9m Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISISE, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Innovation Point, Rua de Pitancinhos\u2014Palmeira, 4700-727 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9677-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aires","family":"Cam\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTAC, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5757-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Azur\u00e9m Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vasco","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Azur\u00e9m Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3580-4271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor M. C. F.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISISE, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1554-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel F. M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Gualtar Campus, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9778-5390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim O.","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Azur\u00e9m Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.02.089","article-title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Soot Deposition: Self-Cleaning Effect on Titanium Dioxide Coated Cementitious Materials","volume":"222","author":"Smits","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. 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