{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:15:54Z","timestamp":1775801754735,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]],"date-time":"2021-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/K022377\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/K022377\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/115352\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/115352\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018986","name":"Institute of Research and Development in Structures and Construction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04708\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to inadequacies of reinforcement design in older structures and changes in building codes, but also the change of building use in existing structures, reinforced concrete (RC) beams often require upgrading during building renovation. The combined shear and flexural strengthening with composite materials, fibre-reinforced polymer sheets (FRP) and textile reinforced mortars (TRM), is assessed in this study. An experimental campaign on twelve half-scale retrofitted RC beams is presented, looking at various parameters of interest, including the effect of the steel reinforcement ratio on the retrofit effectiveness, the amount of composite material used for strengthening and the effect of the shear span, as well as the difference in effectiveness of FRP and TRM in strengthening RC beams. Significant effects on the shear capacity of composite retrofitted beams are observed for all studied parameters. The experimental study is used as a basis for developing a detailed finite element (FE) model for RC beams strengthened with FRP. The results of the FE model are compared to the experimental results and used to design a parametric study to further study the effect of the investigated parameters on the retrofit effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings11110520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]],"date-time":"2021-11-07T20:41:14Z","timestamp":1636317674000},"page":"520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Combined Flexural and Shear Strengthening of RC T-Beams with FRP and TRM: Experimental Study and Parametric Finite Element Analyses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-5454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Pohoryles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPICentre, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9684-351X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LESE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Rossetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPICentre, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2006.09.001","article-title":"Efficacy of CFRP-Based Techniques for the Flexural and Shear Strengthening of Concrete Beams","volume":"29","author":"Barros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cem. 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