{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:49:37Z","timestamp":1777423777283,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/ECI-CON\/29286\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ECI-CON\/29286\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/150397\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/150397\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/BD\/151150\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/151150\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fa\u00e7ade claddings, as the outer protection layer of the building\u2019s envelope, are directly exposed to environmental degradation agents. The fa\u00e7ades\u2019 orientation and their distance from the sea, among other location and protection-related factors, influence their vulnerability to climate loads, in particular wind and air humidity. These loads, as well as exposure to air pollution, affect the degradation process of claddings and the durability of fa\u00e7ades. Therefore, studying the impact of the environmental exposure conditions on the service life of different external claddings provides useful information on their performance over time, which can support (i) decision-makers in the selection of the best fa\u00e7ade cladding solutions and (ii) further research on the impact of climate change on building components. This study covers six types of cladding: rendered fa\u00e7ades (R), natural stone cladding (NSC), ceramic tiling system (CTS), painted surfaces (PS), external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS), and architectural concrete fa\u00e7ades (ACF). Three hundred fa\u00e7ades located in Portugal are analysed according to three main groups of variables, which characterize (i) the fa\u00e7ades, (ii) their degradation condition, and (iii) the environmental deterioration loads and context. The statistical analysis results reveal that the environmental variables affect the cladding degradation process. South-oriented fa\u00e7ades present lower degradation conditions than fa\u00e7ades facing north. The distance from the sea and high exposure to pollutants add to the degradation conditions, reducing the expected service life of fa\u00e7ades. The results reveal that claddings can be organized according to two main groups: the most durable (CTS, NSC, and ACF) and the least durable (R, PS, and ETICS) systems. This study enables a comprehensive analysis of the data, useful to draw conclusions about the influence of environmental exposure conditions on the degradation and service life of fa\u00e7ade claddings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings11120615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Impact of Environmental Exposure on the Service Life of Fa\u00e7ade Claddings\u2014A Statistical Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3012-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Barrelas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2440-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Il\u00eddio","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, IST, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4038-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Flores-Colen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, IST, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2535-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Tadeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, ADAI\u2014LAETA, P\u00f3lo II, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Itecons\u2014Institute of Research and Technological Development in Construction, Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Rua Pedro Hispano, 3030-289 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, A., de Brito, J., and Gaspar, P.L. (2016). 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