{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T04:51:03Z","timestamp":1774155063001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key industry science and technology project of Ministry of Transport in 2020 &quot;Development of Concrete 3D Printing Materials, Equipment and System&quot;","award":["2020-MS1-062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-MS1-062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional concrete printing is a promising technology and attracts the significant attention of research and industry. However, printable and mechanical capacities are required for 3D printable cementitious materials. Moreover, the quantitative analysis methods of printable performance are limited and have low sensitivity. In this study, the orthogonal experiment through samples combining 3D concrete printing method with fly ash, silica fume, and ground granulated blast furnace slag was designed to obtain the printable and mechanical property influence of various mix proportions. Furthermore, multiple industrial wastes were utilized to improve material sustainability. Meanwhile, the static and dynamic extrusion pressure measured by the original 3D printing extrudability tester were verified to achieve a high-sensitivity evaluating indicator. Thereby, a novel high-sensitivity quantitative analysis method of printable capacity was established to explore the influence of industrial wastes usage on the printability of 3D printable mortars. The optimum dosage of fly ash, silica fume, and ground granulated blast furnace slag was 20 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 10 wt.%, respectively, based on printable and mechanical property experiments. Furthermore, the optimum dosage was employed to print the sample and achieved a higher compressive strength (56.3 MPa) than the control cast.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12030374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:25:00Z","timestamp":1647811500000},"page":"374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Printable and Mechanical Performance of 3D Printed Concrete Employing Multiple Industrial Wastes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Mingang","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"},{"name":"CCCC High-Tech Science and Technology Industry Development Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design and Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"}]},{"given":"Jizhuo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Chongqing University, Changzhou 213300, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04021043","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001154","article-title":"Numerical modeling of response of CFRP\u2013Concrete interfaces subjected to fatigue loading","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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