{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:24:05Z","timestamp":1776093845121,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT\u2014Instituto de I&amp;D em Estruturas e Constru\u00e7\u00f5es\u2014funded by national funds through the FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["Base Funding\u2014UIDB\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Base Funding\u2014UIDB\/04708\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CONSTRUCT\u2014Instituto de I&amp;D em Estruturas e Constru\u00e7\u00f5es\u2014funded by national funds through the FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["Programmatic Funding\u2014UIDP\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programmatic Funding\u2014UIDP\/04708\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CONSTRUCT\u2014Instituto de I&amp;D em Estruturas e Constru\u00e7\u00f5es\u2014funded by national funds through the FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["2021.01765.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.01765.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"CONSTRUCT\u2014Instituto de I&amp;D em Estruturas e Constru\u00e7\u00f5es\u2014funded by national funds through the FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["Base Funding\u2014UIDB\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Base Funding\u2014UIDB\/04708\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CONSTRUCT\u2014Instituto de I&amp;D em Estruturas e Constru\u00e7\u00f5es\u2014funded by national funds through the FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["Programmatic Funding\u2014UIDP\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programmatic Funding\u2014UIDP\/04708\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CONSTRUCT\u2014Instituto de I&amp;D em Estruturas e Constru\u00e7\u00f5es\u2014funded by national funds through the FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["2021.01765.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.01765.CEECIND"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Base Funding\u2014UIDB\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Base Funding\u2014UIDB\/04708\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Programmatic Funding\u2014UIDP\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programmatic Funding\u2014UIDP\/04708\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.01765.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.01765.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new generation of self-compacting earth-based composites (SCEC) for vertical elements with fully exposed earth, in which the main feature is the elimination of compaction, is proposed in the current work. The first objective was to develop earth-based mixture compositions with locally available raw materials and achieve self-compactability. A Portuguese soil, typically employed in rammed earth construction, was stabilised using cementitious materials and a superplasticiser to ensure flowability. The mixture design studies allowed to achieve flowable fresh composites. Results on the hardened state showed that SCEC presents high compressive strengths (5\u201314 MPa). The electrical resistivity SCEC increased with time and achieved at least 5600 \u2126m at 28 days, while mass loss stabilised after 14 days in a controlled environment room. Additional tests were performed on selected optimal SCEC mixtures: drying shrinkage and water capillary absorption, with promising results. Overall, this work provided initial boundaries for the mixture design and assessment of SCEC and opened the door for further studies on new and novel earth materials construction techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12050612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T14:49:38Z","timestamp":1651848578000},"page":"612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Self-Compacting Earth-Based Composites: Mixture Design and Multi-Performance Characterisation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1646-4665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mafalda","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0215-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Varum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations (2019). 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