{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T10:48:22Z","timestamp":1774349302413,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RSF","award":["22-19-20115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-19-20115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Erection of buildings using 3D printing has great potential. However, its mass use for high-rise buildings is hampered by the lack of cement mortars with the required technical characteristics, the most important of which is high plastic strength (in the first minutes after pouring). The significance of the work (novelty) lies in the creation of a composite binder using a mineral modifier obtained by joint grinding up to 500 m2\/kg of bentonite clay, chalk, and sand. A comprehensive study of the developed mortars was carried out from the standpoint of the necessary characteristics for volumetric concreting of high-rise thin-walled buildings. A composite binder for high-strength composites (compressive strength up to 70 MPa) has been obtained, which can provide effective mortars for 3D-additive high-rise construction technologies. The influence of the genetic characteristics of the modifier components on the properties of the composite binder has been established. The hydration process in this system of hardening concrete of the optimal composition proceeds more intensively due to the significantly larger specific surface of the mineral modifier components, which act as an active additive and activators of the crystallization of new growths. It has been proven that the features of mortars of high-strength fine-grained composites for 3D-additive technologies of high-rise buildings must meet special properties, such the rheotechnological index and the bearing capacity of the freshly formed layer (plastic strength or dimensional stability). Compared with a conventional mortar, the plastic strength of the developed one increases much faster (in 15 min, it is 762.2 kPa, in contrast to 133.0 kPa for the control composition). Thus, the strength remains sufficient for 3D printing of high-rise buildings and structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12081181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T21:03:50Z","timestamp":1659906230000},"page":"1181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Improving the Performances of a Mortar for 3D Printing by Mineral Modifiers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Valery","family":"Lesovik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Materials Science, Products and Structures, Belgorod State Technological University Named after V.G. Shoukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Central Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation, 119331 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Tolstoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Materials Science, Products and Structures, Belgorod State Technological University Named after V.G. Shoukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2279-1240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Fediuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia"},{"name":"Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4434-6295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mugahed","family":"Amran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16273, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Amran University, Amran 9677, Yemen"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4376-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mujahid","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4694-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afonso R. G.","family":"de Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LECIV\u2014Civil Engineering Laboratory, UENF\u2014State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amran, M., Murali, G., Fediuk, R., Vatin, N., Vasilev, Y., and Abdelgader, H. (2021). Palm oil fuel ash-based eco-efficient concrete: A critical review of the short-term properties. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14020332"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103899","article-title":"Effect of alkali reactions on the rheology of one-part 3D printable geopolymer concrete","volume":"116","author":"Muthukrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.120786","article-title":"Effect of microwave heating on interlayer bonding and buildability of geopolymer 3D concrete printing","volume":"265","author":"Muthukrishnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lesovik, V., Fediuk, R., Amran, M., Alaskhanov, A., Volodchenko, A., Murali, G., Uvarov, V., and Elistratkin, M. (2021). 3d-printed mortars with combined steel and polypropylene fibers. Fibers, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/fib9120079"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.127644","article-title":"Fresh and mechanical properties of low-cement mortars for 3D printing","volume":"338","author":"Klyuev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.126126","article-title":"3D-printable alkali-activated concretes for building applications: A critical review","volume":"319","author":"Amran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"7561","article-title":"Nano-additives for composite building materials and their environmental safety","volume":"11","author":"Lukuttsova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2016.08.001","article-title":"Mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: A review","volume":"73","author":"Yoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Li, Z., Ding, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2004, January 20\u201321). Development of sustainable cementitious materials. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology, Beijing, China."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.05.002","article-title":"Concrete material science: Past, present, and future innovations","volume":"112","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inozemtcev, A., Korolev, E., and Qui, D.T. (2018, January 25\u201327). Study of mineral additives for cement materials for 3D-printing in construction. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Moscow, Russia.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/365\/3\/032009"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"e00586","article-title":"Fire performance of innovative 3D printed concrete composite wall panels\u2014A Numerical Study","volume":"15","author":"Suntharalingam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fediuk, R.S., Smoliakov, A.K., Timokhin, R.A., Batarshin, V.O., and Yevdokimova, Y.G. (2017, January 23\u201324). Using thermal power plants waste for building materials. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/87\/9\/092010"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.123524","article-title":"Mechanical and microstructural evolution of 3D printed concrete with polyethylene fiber and recycled sand at elevated temperatures","volume":"293","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markin, V., Nerella, V.N., Schr\u00f6fl, C., Guseynova, G., and Mechtcherine, V. (2019). Material design and performance evaluation of foam concrete for digital fabrication. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201906.0289.v1"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b06074","article-title":"Inkjet Color Printing by Interference Nanostructures","volume":"10","author":"Yakovlev","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276484","article-title":"Image-based procedural modeling of facades","volume":"26","author":"Zeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127085","article-title":"Eco-friendly geopolymer materials: A review of performance improvement, potential application and sustainability assessment","volume":"307","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, N.B. (2018). Fly ash-based geopolymer binder: A future construction material. Minerals, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/min8070299"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.974.367","article-title":"Fiber concrete for 3-D additive technologies","volume":"974","author":"Klyuev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Forum"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.109","article-title":"Use of calcium sulfoaluminate cements for setting control of 3D-printing mortars","volume":"157","author":"Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.326","article-title":"A feasible method for measuring the buildability of fresh 3D printing mortar","volume":"27","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.078","article-title":"An ab initio approach for thixotropy characterisation of (nanoparticle-infused) 3D printable concrete","volume":"224","author":"Kruger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.116710","article-title":"Mechanical characterization of 3D printable concrete","volume":"227","author":"Rahul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020195","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003230","article-title":"Fresh Properties of Cementitious Materials Containing Rice Husk Ash for Construction 3D Printing","volume":"32","author":"Muthukrishnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.04.330","article-title":"Study of impact and fatigue on 3D printed composites","volume":"47","author":"Berde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabir, H.A., Abid, S.R., Murali, G., Ali, S.H., Klyuev, S., Fediuk, R., Vatin, N., Promakhov, V., and Vasilev, Y. (2020). Experimental Tests and Reliability Analysis of the Cracking Impact Resistance of UHPFRC. Fibers, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/fib8120074"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2021.107717","article-title":"Optimization of printing parameters of 3D-printed continuous glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites","volume":"164","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fediuk, R., and Yushin, A. (2015, January 9\u201311). Composite binders for concrete with reduced permeability. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Tomsk, Russia.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/116\/1\/012021"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103642","article-title":"A systematic review and analysis of the viability of 3D-printed construction in remote environments","volume":"125","author":"Schuldt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"101740","article-title":"An investigation into the porosity of extrusion-based 3D printed concrete","volume":"37","author":"Kruger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106258","article-title":"Rheological and pumping behaviour of 3D printable cementitious materials with varying aggregate content","volume":"139","author":"Mohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2021.110948","article-title":"Characterization of air-void systems in 3D printed cementitious materials using optical image scanning and X-ray computed tomography","volume":"173","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2021.110965","article-title":"Experimental study on the thermal performance of a 3D printed concrete prototype building","volume":"241","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"101992","article-title":"Bonding performance of 3D printing concrete with self-locking interfaces exposed to compression\u2013shear and compression\u2013splitting stresses","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"111102","article-title":"Uncertainty quantification for the representative volume element of geometrically monoclinic 3D printed concrete","volume":"226\u2013227","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volodchenko, A.A., Lesovik, V.S., Cherepanova, I.A., Volodchenko, A.N., Zagorodnjuk, L.H., and Elistratkin, M.Y. (2017, January 4\u20136). Peculiarities of non-autoclaved lime wall materials production using clays. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Tomsk, Russia.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/327\/2\/022021"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106457","article-title":"Modelling the development of capillary pressure in freshly 3D-printed concrete elements","volume":"145","author":"Ghourchian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.120559","article-title":"Examining the significance of infill printing pattern on the anisotropy of 3D printed concrete","volume":"262","author":"Murcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106256","article-title":"Modelling of 3D concrete printing based on computational fluid dynamics","volume":"138","author":"Comminal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Azevedo, A.R.G., Cruz, A.S.A., Marvila, M.T., de Oliveira, L.B., Monteiro, S.N., Vieira, C.M.F., Fediuk, R., Timokhin, R., Vatin, N., and Daironas, M. (2021). Natural fibers as an alternative to synthetic fibers in reinforcement of geopolymer matrices: A comparative review. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13152493"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amran, M., Fediuk, R., Murali, G., Avudaiappan, S., Ozbakkaloglu, T., Vatin, N., Karelina, M., Klyuev, S., and Gholampour, A. (2021). Fly ash-based eco-efficient concretes: A comprehensive review of the short-term properties. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14154264"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.124850","article-title":"Effect of nanomaterials inclusion on sustainability of cement-based concretes: A comprehensive review","volume":"306","author":"Onaizi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"e00661","article-title":"Long-term durability properties of geopolymer concrete: An in-depth review","volume":"15","author":"Amran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.103638","article-title":"Fiber-reinforced alkali-activated concrete: A review","volume":"45","author":"Amran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.121333","article-title":"Enhancing performances of clay masonry materials based on nanosize mine waste","volume":"269","author":"Lesovik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haruna, S., Mohammed, B.S., Wahab, M.M.A., Kankia, M.U., Amran, M., and Gora, A.M. (2021). Long-Term Strength Development of Fly Ash-Based One-Part Alkali-Activated Binders. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14154160"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.123035","article-title":"Optimization of fresh properties and durability of the green gypsum-cement paste","volume":"287","author":"Lesovik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4021214","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003839","article-title":"Improving the Hardened Properties of Nonautoclaved Silicate Materials Using Nanodispersed Mine Waste","volume":"33","author":"Lesovik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.126722","article-title":"Fire resistance of geopolymer concrete: A critical review","volume":"324","author":"Amran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106220","article-title":"Layer-interface properties in 3D printed concrete: Dual hierarchical structure and micromechanical characterization","volume":"138","author":"Geng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.120196","article-title":"Strength and ductility enhancement of 3D printing structure reinforced by embedding continuous micro-cables","volume":"264","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abid, S.R., Murali, G., Amran, M., Vatin, N., Fediuk, R., and Karelina, M. (2021). Evaluation of mode II fracture toughness of hybrid fibrous geopolymer composites. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14020349"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2020.12.061","article-title":"Improving performance of additive manufactured (3D printed) concrete: A review on material mix design, processing, interlayer bonding, and reinforcing methods","volume":"29","author":"Baduge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"101638","article-title":"Variable-geometry nozzle for surface quality enhancement in 3D concrete printing","volume":"37","author":"Lao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.14311\/AP.2021.61.0279","article-title":"Performance of sustainable green concrete incorporated with fly ash, rice husk ash, and stone dust","volume":"61","author":"Siddika","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Polytech."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103892","article-title":"3D printed mesh reinforced geopolymer: Notched prism bending","volume":"116","author":"Santana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101894","article-title":"Shaping of geopolymer composites by 3D printing","volume":"34","author":"Archez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103724","article-title":"Hardened properties of layered 3D printed concrete with recycled sand","volume":"113","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2019.103406","article-title":"Design of 3D printable concrete based on the relationship between flowability of cement paste and optimum aggregate content","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, D.L.H., Mohammed, B.S., Al-Fakih, A., Wahab, M.M.A., Liew, M.S., and Mugahed Amran, Y.H. (2020). Deformation properties of rubberized ecc incorporating nano graphene using response surface methodology. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13122831"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amran, M., Lee, Y.H., Fediuk, R., Murali, G., Mosaberpanah, M.A., Ozbakkaloglu, T., Lee, Y.Y., Vatin, N., Klyuev, S., and Karelia, M. (2021). Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Based Eco-Friendly Concrete Composite: A Critical Review of the Long-Term Properties. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14227074"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakrawarthi, V., Avudaiappan, S., Amran, M., Dharmar, B., Jesuarulraj, L.R., Fediuk, R., Aepuru, R., Vatin, N., and Flores, E.S. (2021). Impact Resistance of Polypropylene Fibre-Reinforced Alkali\u2013Activated Copper Slag Concrete. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14247735"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avudaiappan, S., Prakatanoju, S., Amran, M., Aepuru, R., Flores, E.I.S., Das, R., Gupta, R., Fediuk, R., and Vatin, N. (2021). Experimental Investigation and Image Processing to Predict the Properties of Concrete with the Addition of Nano Silica and Rice Husk Ash. Crystals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11101230"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.127902","article-title":"Fire spalling behavior of high-strength concrete: A critical review","volume":"341","author":"Amran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tafmec.2019.102376","article-title":"Application of rice husk biochar and thermally treated low silica rice husk ash to improve physical properties of cement mortar","volume":"104","author":"Muthukrishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arularasi, V., Thamilselvi, P., Avudaiappan, S., Flores, E.I.S., Amran, M., Fediuk, R., Vatin, N., and Karelina, M. (2021). Rheological behavior and strength characteristics of cement paste and mortar with fly ash and GGBS admixtures. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13179600"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subash, N., Avudaiappan, S., Adish Kumar, S., Amran, M., Vatin, N., Fediuk, R., and Aepuru, R. (2021). Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete with Various Sustainable Mineral Ashes. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14247596"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.118305","article-title":"A novel additive mortar leveraging internal curing for enhancing interlayer bonding of cementitious composite for 3D printing","volume":"244","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raju, S., Rathinam, J., Dharmar, B., Rekha, S., Avudaiappan, S., Amran, M., Usanova, K.I., Fediuk, R., Guindos, P., and Ramamoorthy, R.V. (2022). Cyclically Loaded Copper Slag Admixed Reinforced Concrete Beams with Cement Partially Replaced with Fly Ash. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15093101"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103671","article-title":"A critical examination of the influence of material characteristics and extruder geometry on 3D printing of cementitious binders","volume":"112","author":"Nair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s43452-022-00445-1","article-title":"Performance of high-strength green concrete under the influence of curing methods, volcanic pumice dust, and hot weather","volume":"22","author":"Zeyad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makul, N., Fediuk, R., Amran, M., Zeyad, A.M., Murali, G., Vatin, N., Klyuev, S., Ozbakkaloglu, T., and Vasilev, Y. (2021). Use of recycled concrete aggregates in production of green cement-based concrete composites: A review. Crystals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11030232"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04019013","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002633","article-title":"Performance properties of high-density impermeable cementitious paste","volume":"31","author":"Fediuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"208","article-title":"Composite binders for concrete of protective structures","volume":"6","author":"Fediuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mag. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fediuk, R., Smoliakov, A., and Stoyushko, N. (2016, January 9\u201311). Increase in composite binder activity. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Tomsk, Russia.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/156\/1\/012042"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013963916418","article-title":"The reducing effect of argon in the plasma treatment of high-melting nonmetallic materials (a review)","volume":"58","author":"Bessmertnyi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glas. Ceram."}],"container-title":["Buildings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-5309\/12\/8\/1181\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:05:29Z","timestamp":1760141129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-5309\/12\/8\/1181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["buildings12081181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings12081181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-5309"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-5309","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]}}}