{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:13:33Z","timestamp":1760148813420,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/2018","UID\/04047\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/2018","UID\/04047\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"R&amp;D Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction (CTAC)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/2018","UID\/04047\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/2018","UID\/04047\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Landscapes, Heritage and Territory Laboratory (Lab2PT) Center of Design and Technology (DeTech)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/2018","UID\/04047\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/2018","UID\/04047\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>How to analyse the omissions of thermal regulations and evaluate methodologies that provide building execution or thermal certificates that do not correspond to reality and usually incur costs? We can start by analysing different simulation methods and shading calculations that provide solar gains and shadow optimisation. After evaluating how the regulations define the calculation assumptions and how this calculation is performed, the discrepancies (simplifications) that the regulations allow or ignore are presented, and it is exemplified using two case studies. Using the Portuguese regulation as a case study, it leads to incorrect conclusions or assumptions due to unequal access to solar radiation or the shading factor calculation that experiences the omission of angles or time periods. Therefore, the aim is to propose a calculation process (premises) that minimises the discrepancies between simulation (optimisation strategy) and reality (applicability of strategies) for sustainable output.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13061521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T01:32:15Z","timestamp":1686706335000},"page":"1521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Shading Calculation Methods and Regulation Simplifications\u2014The Portuguese Case"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marta Fernandes","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CTAC Research Centre, Engineering School, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab2Pt Research Centre, School of Architecture, Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4546-0305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Tenpierik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMETEUS Research Centre, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0199-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edgia Torres","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTAC Research Centre, Engineering School, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, April 03). 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