{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:05:16Z","timestamp":1773403516794,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Colombian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (Minciencias)","award":["1333-852-72472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1333-852-72472"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the context of the circular economy and the adoption of one of its business models, namely \u201dresource recovery\u201d, this study presents an opportunity to valorize industrial and urban wastes using alkaline activation technology to produce hybrid binders. Several alkali-activated binders were produced using response surface methodology based on a mixture of 45\/45\/10 clay brick waste, fly ash, and Portland cement. The compressive strength and setting time of each were evaluated. The hybrid cementitious pastes achieved up to 45 MPa after 28 days of setting. Based on the experimental data, two binders were selected as the cementitious matrix for composites, with paper sludge as the lightweight aggregate. Incorporating up to 45% volume of paper sludge allowed extrusion of the materials. The addition of paper sludge reduced the compressive and flexural strength. These results were explained by the decrease in density and the increase in porosity. However, there was an improvement in the thermal properties of the composites; in particular, the thermal conductivity range between 0.35 and 0.49 W\/mK. Finally, it was found that the composites with 25% volume of paper sludge had the best combination of properties, positioning them as potential construction materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13092291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:05:17Z","timestamp":1694423117000},"page":"2291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Upcycling Fly Ash, Red Clay Brick Waste, and Paper Sludge as Feedstock for Manufacturing a Lightweight Extruded Composite: Design and Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2726-6460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Ospina Salazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Alternativos y Procesos Autom\u00e1ticos (MAPA), Departamento de Materiales, Universidad EIA, Envigado 055428, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Valencia Isaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Alternativos y Procesos Autom\u00e1ticos (MAPA), Departamento de Materiales, Universidad EIA, Envigado 055428, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 William","family":"Restrepo Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Alternativos y Procesos Autom\u00e1ticos (MAPA), Departamento de Materiales, Universidad EIA, Envigado 055428, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna Mercedes","family":"Mej\u00eda Arcila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Alternativos y Procesos Autom\u00e1ticos (MAPA), Departamento de Materiales, Universidad EIA, Envigado 055428, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Marco Fidel","family":"Valencia Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Alternativos y Procesos Autom\u00e1ticos (MAPA), Departamento de Materiales, Universidad EIA, Envigado 055428, Colombia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124363","article-title":"Low carbon cementitious materials: Sodium sulfate activated ultra-fine slag\/fly ash blends at ambient temperature","volume":"280","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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