{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T07:06:20Z","timestamp":1769065580806,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tajarub Research and Development, Qatar","award":["MO 1-010922-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO 1-010922-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a study on the effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed burnt clay, the most sustainable and green construction material, under constant printing parameters. Mixes with different nanofilament contents\u20140.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by clay weight\u2014were printed and tested under compression and bending loadings. The results obtained on the printed samples were compared with those fabricated using the molding method. The samples\u2019 microstructures were then analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was employed to obtain the elemental distributions. The testing results were then statistically analyzed using a t-statistical method to investigate the impact of using GNPs on the properties of 3D-printed clay. Strength test results showed that mixes containing a low GNP content, i.e., 0.1 wt.%, attained higher compressive and flexural strengths than those containing higher contents, i.e., 0.2 and 0.3wt.%. The results additionally highlighted that the efficiency of GNPs was better observed in the printed samples rather than the molded ones, indicating that the printing process contributed to a better and more uniform dispersion of GNPs in the clay matrix. The t-statistical analysis confirmed that a significant improvement in compressive strength could be obtained using a GNP content of 0.1 wt.%, regardless of the fabrication method. On the other hand, significant flexural strength improvements were observed in the printed samples at all GNP dosages. Micrographs of GNP-modified clay supported the strength results obtained in this study. In summary, this research work signified the importance of using nanofilaments in 3D printing applications in order to achieve the desired elements\u2019 mechanical properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13092321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T05:08:21Z","timestamp":1694581701000},"page":"2321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["3D-Printed Clay Enhanced with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Sustainable and Green Construction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6254-5802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed O.","family":"Mohsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"},{"name":"Tajarub for Research and Development, Doha P.O. Box 12627, Qatar"}]},{"given":"Malak M.","family":"Al-Diseet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tajarub for Research and Development, Doha P.O. Box 12627, Qatar"}]},{"given":"Mervat O.","family":"Aburumman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tajarub for Research and Development, Doha P.O. Box 12627, Qatar"}]},{"given":"Ramzi","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6197-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ala Abu","family":"Taqa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba P.O. Box 11947, Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8624-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Senouci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Construction Management, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-4020, USA"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Naji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2018.02.012","article-title":"Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges","volume":"143","author":"Ngo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. 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