{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T05:22:08Z","timestamp":1769923328388,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"NWO Open Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have shown the potential of strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) as a self-reinforcing printable mortar. However, papers published on the development of three-dimensional printable SHCC (3DP-SHCC) often report a discrepancy between the mechanical properties of the cast and printed specimens. This paper evaluates the effect of each successive phase of the printing process on the mechanical properties of the composite. To this end, materials were collected at three different stages in the printing process, i.e., after each of mixing, pumping, and extruding. The collected 3DP-SHCC materials were then cast in specimen moulds and their mechanical properties after curing were obtained. The resulting findings were juxtaposed with the mechanical properties of the specimens derived from a fully printed 3DP-SHCC element, and our findings indicate that while the density and the compressive strength are not significantly influenced by the printing process, the flexural and tensile strength, along with their associated deflection and strain, are strongly affected. Additionally, this research identifies the pumping phase as the primary phase influencing the mechanical properties during the printing process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13102483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T16:58:09Z","timestamp":1696179489000},"page":"2483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of 3D Concrete Printing Phases on the Mechanical Performance of Printable Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3213-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Linde","family":"van Overmeir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1299-1449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branko","family":"\u0160avija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6666-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freek P.","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Schlangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2022.106746","article-title":"The realities of additively manufactured concrete structures in practice","volume":"156","author":"Bos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cem. 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