{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:48:32Z","timestamp":1774331312560,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unstable sandy soil poses significant challenges for buried pipelines, particularly due to the increased risk of displacement and stress-induced fractures resulting from soil settlement and earthquake-induced ground deformation. These concerns are especially critical in seismically active regions where underground infrastructure is at higher risk. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites present a promising and sustainable alternative for deep foundations, offering durability and reduced maintenance costs compared to conventional materials. This study introduces a novel approach to enhancing the seismic performance of pipelines buried in sandy soils by numerically investigating a three-dimensional (3D) multipipe grouting micro anti-slide pile system, utilizing a polyurethane polymer slurry as the grouting material. Key parameters such as pile spacing, diameter, and length, along with the effects of soil wetting and various earthquake intensities, were examined under the influence of surface loads exerted by a fully loaded truck. The results demonstrate that using polymer micropiles significantly reduces soil and pipeline settlement by 15% to 50%, with larger pile diameters and lengths further decreasing settlement and strain on pipelines. While seismic excitation increases settlement, polymer grouting effectively mitigates this impact, leading to substantial reductions in settlement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings14103044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:54:13Z","timestamp":1727168053000},"page":"3044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Seismic Performance Evaluation of Pipelines Buried in Sandy Soils Reinforced with FRP Micropiles: A Numerical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6134-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duaa","family":"Al-Jeznawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad 10081, Iraq"}]},{"given":"Musab Aied Qissab","family":"Al-Janabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad 10081, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0389-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qassun S. Mohammed","family":"Shafiqu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad 10081, Iraq"}]},{"given":"Tiba N.","family":"Jasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Product Distribution Company, Ministry of Oil, Baghdad 10081, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3492-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erol","family":"G\u00fcler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34017, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0484-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Filipe Almeida","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4307-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Miguel de Almeida","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-0296(95)00041-5","article-title":"Preliminary report 17 January 1995, \u2018Hyogo-ken Nambu, Japanese Earthquake\u2019","volume":"17","author":"Scawthorn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eng. 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