{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T02:36:40Z","timestamp":1772764600539,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["88887.799961\/2022-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.799961\/2022-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lightweight artificial aggregates (LWAs) are widely used in civil construction, but their conventional production depends on pure clays, a finite natural resource that negatively impacts the environment. This study aims to contribute to minimizing this issue by exploring the use of sustainable ternary mixtures of kaolinitic clay (KC), chamotte residues (CHT), and eucalyptus firewood ash (EFA), promoting a more environmentally friendly approach to the manufacture of LWAs. Thus, the aim was to develop and optimize LWAs using different replacements of industrial waste. Furthermore, the Taguchi method is employed to identify the optimal manufacturing parameters, such as waste content, sintering temperature, and heating time. The research involved the production of 32 distinct mixtures with different proportions of KC, CHT, and EFA, processed through grinding and sintering at temperatures ranging from 1075 \u00b0C to 1180 \u00b0C. The samples were evaluated for density, water absorption, mechanical strength, and expansion index. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA to validate the most significant factors. The results revealed that mixtures with 80% of waste presented an aggregate expansion index of up to 60%, a minimum bulk density of 1.20 g\/cm3 (which aligns with requirements for structural applications but exceeds the maximum bulk density for some lightweight aggregates), and crushing strength higher than 5 MPa, satisfying the normative criteria for commercial LWAs. In addition, 63 industrial applications were identified for the developed materials, ranging from structural lightweight concretes to thermal and acoustic insulation with varied microstructures. Therefore, the partial replacement of clay by CHT and EFA waste represents a promising alternative for producing sustainable LWAs, helping to reduce environmental impacts while providing quality materials for various applications in the most diverse industrial sectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings15122003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T12:53:16Z","timestamp":1749559996000},"page":"2003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimization via Taguchi of Artificial Lightweight Aggregates Obtained from Kaolinite Clay and Ceramic Waste: Development and Industrial Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8355-1902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Anselmo","family":"da Silva Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Para\u00edba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marcos Alyssandro Soares","family":"dos Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Para\u00edba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Institute of Para\u00edba (IFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58015-430, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Peixoto Suassuna","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Para\u00edba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maelson","family":"Mendon\u00e7a de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Natal 59010-180, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9869-7229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinthia Maia","family":"Pederneiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buildings Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2002). 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