{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:47:19Z","timestamp":1767919639850,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Advanced Construction Technology Services (ACTS) in Lebanon, and Junia in France"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, 3D printing has revolutionized the construction and building industry, enabling researchers to push the boundaries of creating structural components with this innovative technique. A key factor for the success of this approach lies in selecting the optimal mix design, which must possess suitable properties for printing while ensuring strong performance once hardened. However, achieving this optimal mix is complex due to limited knowledge regarding the necessary fresh-state properties, the characteristics and proportions of the constituents, the influence of printing parameters on these properties, and the various challenges encountered during and post printing. This paper aims to address these aspects by offering a comprehensive review of the steps researchers have taken to develop an optimized 3D printable mix.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings15142497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T12:55:00Z","timestamp":1752670500000},"page":"2497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Methodologies to Design Optimum 3D Printable Mortar Mix: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Gerges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Artois, IMT Nord Europe, Junia, Univ. Lille, ULR 4515, Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie Civil et G\u00e9o-Environnement (LGCgE), F-62400 B\u00e9thune, France"},{"name":"Centre de Mod\u00e9lisation, Ecole Doctorale de Sciences et Technologies, Universit\u00e9 Libanaise, Hadath 21219, Lebanon"}]},{"given":"Faten","family":"Abi Farraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Construction Technology Services (ACTS), Beirut 14-5918, Lebanon"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3171-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICL, Junia, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Lille, LITL, F-59000 Lille, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Antczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Artois, IMT Nord Europe, Junia, Univ. Lille, ULR 4515, Laboratoire de G\u00e9nie Civil et G\u00e9o-Environnement (LGCgE), F-62400 B\u00e9thune, France"}]},{"given":"Fadi","family":"Hage Chehade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Mod\u00e9lisation, Ecole Doctorale de Sciences et Technologies, Universit\u00e9 Libanaise, Hadath 21219, Lebanon"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19005","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202017219005","article-title":"The 3D printing challenge in buildings","volume":"172","author":"Pessoa","year":"2020","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"892","article-title":"Development Challenges Future Outlook of 3DConcrete Printing Technology","volume":"5","author":"Raval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. 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