{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:36:52Z","timestamp":1774935412471,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union","award":["101073437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101073437"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cities are significant contributors to climate change, environmental degradation, and resource depletion. To address these challenges, sustainable strategies in building design, construction, and management are essential, and digitalisation through the integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can enable it. However, the environmental benefits of BIM\u2013LCA integration remain underexplored, limiting broader practical adoption. This study systematically reviews 80 case studies (2015\u20132025) to assess how recent applications address known barriers and to identify enablers of successful BIM\u2013LCA workflows. The analysis highlights a growing alignment between technological, regulatory, and methodological advancements and practical implementation needs, especially as technical barriers are increasingly overcome. Nevertheless, systemic challenges related to institutional, behavioural, and socio-economic factors persist. From a stakeholder perspective, four thematic drivers were identified: material circularity and resource efficiency; integration with complementary assessment tools; energy-performance strategies for comfort and efficiency; and alignment with international certification systems. The study offers a stakeholder-oriented framework that demonstrates the multi-level value of BIM\u2013LCA integration not only for environmental impact assessment but to support informed decision-making and reduce resource consumption. These insights aim to bridge the gap between academic research and practical implementation, contributing to the advancement of sustainable practices in the built environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings15173157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1756825377000},"page":"3157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Environmental Benefits of Digital Integration in the Built Environment: A Systematic Literature Review of Building Information Modelling\u2013Life Cycle Assessment Practices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5457-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Tosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Teixeira Duarte S.A., 2740-265 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2293-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Marzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Poggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS.NOVA\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Ci\u00eancias Sociais, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Humanas Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. de Berna 26-C, 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Dafni","family":"Avgoustaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teixeira Duarte S.A., 2740-265 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9152-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEA\u2014International Energy Agency (2020, September 01). Energy Technology Perspectives 2020\u2014Analysis\u2014IEA. Available online: https:\/\/iea.org\/reports\/energy-technology-perspectives-2020."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Morin, E., and Kern, A. (1999). Homeland Earth: A New Manifesto for the New Millennium, Hampton Press. Available online: https:\/\/books.google.pt\/books\/about\/Homeland_Earth.html?id=66B-AAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5130\/AJCEB.v12i4.3032","article-title":"Building information modelling (BIM): Now and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Azhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Constr. Econ. Build."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-022-02058-5","article-title":"The application of life cycle assessment in buildings: Challenges, and directions for future research","volume":"27","author":"Fnais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.103516","article-title":"How to conduct consistent environmental, economic, and social assessment during the building design process. A BIM-based Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment method","volume":"45","author":"Galeana","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obrecht, T.P., R\u00f6ck, M., Hoxha, E., and Passer, A. (2020). BIM and LCA Integration: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12145534"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"877","article-title":"Assessment methods for evaluating circular economy projects in construction: A review of available tools","volume":"23","author":"Sigmund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Constr. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2006). Environmental Management \u2014 Life Cycle Assessment \u2014 Principles and Framework (Standard No. ISO 14040:2006). Available online: https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/37456.html."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2011). Sustainability of Construction Works \u2014 Assessment of Environmental Performance of Buildings \u2014 Calculation Method (Standard No. EN 15978:2011). Available online: https:\/\/standards.cen.eu."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259855","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259855","article-title":"Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet","volume":"347","author":"Steffen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6370","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b02106","article-title":"Strengthening the Link Between Life Cycle Assessment and Indicators for Absolute Sustainability to Support Development Within Planetary Boundaries","volume":"49","author":"Diamond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, J.P., Alecrim, I., Bragan\u00e7a, L., and Mateus, R. (2020). Integrating BIM-Based LCA and Building Sustainability Assessment. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12187468"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121766","article-title":"Building information modelling applications in smart buildings: From design to commissioning and beyond A critical review","volume":"265","author":"Panteli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.2174\/1874836802014010336","article-title":"Current Opportunities and Challenges in the incorporation of the LCA Method in BIM","volume":"14","author":"Costa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Constr. Build. Technol. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mora, T.D., Bolzonello, E., Cavalliere, C., and Peron, F. (2020). Key Parameters Featuring BIM-LCA Integration in Buildings: A Practical Review of the Current Trends. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12177182"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.106703","article-title":"Mixed method review for integrating building information modeling and life-cycle assessments","volume":"173","author":"Seyis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmermann, R.K., Bruhn, S., and Birgisd\u00f3ttir, H. (2021). BIM-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Buildings\u2014An Investigation of Industry Practice and Needs. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13105455"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Samniang, W., Panuwatwanich, K., Tangtermsirikul, S., and Papong, S. (2023, January 8\u201311). BIM-LCA integration for carbon emission assessment in construction industry: Systematic Review and research opportunities. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-13), Arnhem, The Netherlands. Available online: https:\/\/www.citcglobal.com\/citc-13-papers."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk, E., Borgianni, Y., and Ince, C. (2023). Environmental Assessment of the Introduction of Digital Technologies in the Building Industry: A literature study. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-38274-1_37"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2023.107291","article-title":"From LCA to circular design: A comparative study of digital tools for the built environment","volume":"200","author":"Dervishaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dibe.2023.100176","article-title":"Recent progress on BIM-based sustainable buildings: State of the art review","volume":"15","author":"Arenas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Built Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2018). Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for Data Sharing in the Construction and Facility Management Industries \u2014 Part 1: Data Schema (Standard No. ISO 16739-1:2018). Available online: https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/70303.html."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clet.2023.100715","article-title":"Circular economy in construction: The digital transformation perspective","volume":"18","author":"Banihashemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clean. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Chen, L., Zhou, X., Huang, L., Sandanayake, M., and Yap, P. (2024). Recent Technological Advancements in BIM and LCA Integration for Sustainable Construction: A review. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16031340"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salati, M., Costa, A.A., and Silvestre, J.D. (2024). A Comprehensive review of Dynamic Life cycle Assessment for buildings: Exploring key processes and methodologies. Sustainability, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/su17010159"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2024.107768","article-title":"BIM-based embodied carbon evaluation during building early-design stage: A systematic literature review","volume":"112","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107228","article-title":"Automating building sustainability assessment using building information modelling: A case study","volume":"76","author":"Carvalho","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2023.110996","article-title":"Developing a multi-objective optimisation model for improving building\u2019s environmental performance over the whole design process","volume":"246","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asgari, S., Haghir, S., and Noorzai, E. (2023). Reducing energy consumption in operation and demolition phases by integrating multi-objective optimisation with LCA and BIM. Energy Effic., 16.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12053-023-10129-1"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., and Gallardo, S. (2023). A Multi-Objective Optimisation Method for the Design of a Sustainable House in Ecuador by Assessing LCC and LCEI. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16010168"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.111018","article-title":"Integrating digital twin and blockchain for dynamic building life cycle sustainability assessment","volume":"97","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119856","article-title":"The development of an integrated BIM-based visual demolition waste management planning system for sustainability-oriented decision-making","volume":"351","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lima, M.S.S., Duarte, S., Exenberger, H., Fr\u00f6ch, G., and Flora, M. (2024). Integrating BIM-LCA to Enhance Sustainability Assessments of Constructions. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16031172"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126501","article-title":"Whole building life cycle assessment for buildings: A case study ON HOW to achieve the LEED credit","volume":"297","author":"Pai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113557","article-title":"A comparative cradle-to-grave life cycle approach for addressing construction design choices: An applicative case study for a residential tower in Aalborg, Denmark","volume":"298","author":"Felicioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.106974","article-title":"Enabling rapid prediction of quantities to accelerate LCA for decision support in the early building design","volume":"76","author":"Hansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.109635","article-title":"Uncertainty Analysis of Life Cycle Energy Assessment in Early Stages of Design","volume":"208","author":"Harter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142803","article-title":"Mind the gap: Facilitating early design stage building Life Cycle Assessment through a co-production approach","volume":"464","author":"Atik","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paneru, S., Jahromi, F.F., Hatami, M., Roudebush, W., and Jeelani, I. (2021). Integration of Emergy Analysis with Building Information Modeling. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13147990"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"94","article-title":"Data-Driven LCA for green industrial innovation of custom curtain walls","volume":"12","author":"Zaffagnini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agat\u00f3n\u2014Int. J. Archit. Art Des."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zubair, M.U., Ali, M., Khan, M.A., Khan, A., Hassan, M.U., and Tanoli, W.A. (2024). BIM- and GIS-Based Life-Cycle-Assessment Framework for Enhancing Eco Efficiency and Sustainability in the Construction Sector. Buildings, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings14020360"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"UNEP\u2014United Nations Environment Programme and Technical University of Denmark (2025, August 24). Eco-i Manual Eco-Innovation Implementation Process. Available online: https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/report\/eco-i-manual-eco-innovation-implementation-process."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.107218","article-title":"BIM-DLCA: An integrated dynamic environmental impact assessment model for buildings","volume":"183","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Santo, N., Henriquez, L.G., Dotelli, G., and Imperadori, M. (2023). Holistic Approach for Assessing Buildings\u2019 Environmental Impact and User Comfort from Early Design: A Method Combining Life Cycle Assessment, BIM, and Active House Protocol. Buildings, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13051315"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"252","article-title":"Strategie life cycle thinking\u2014Life cycle thinking strategies for constructing nZEB schools","volume":"15","author":"Palumbo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agat\u00f3n\u2014Int. J. Archit. Art Des."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135485","article-title":"Use of GIS and BIM tools in determining the life cycle impact of urban systems. Case study: Residential buildings which apply the Eco-Efficiency Matrix in the city of Quito, Ecuador","volume":"383","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2016.04.011","article-title":"Energy efficient city: A model for urban planning","volume":"26","author":"Amado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feria, M., and Amado, M. (2019). Architectural Design: Sustainability in the Decision-Making Process. Buildings, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings9050135"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000127","article-title":"Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges for the AEC Industry","volume":"11","author":"Azhar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leadersh. Manag. Eng."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.08.078","article-title":"Calculation of a building\u2019s life cycle carbon emissions based on Ecotect and building information modeling","volume":"112","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281640","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/281640","article-title":"BIM Application to Select Appropriate Design Alternative with Consideration of LCA and LCCA","volume":"2015","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2016.07.007","article-title":"An integrated BIM-based framework for minimising embodied energy during building design","volume":"128","author":"Shadram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.05.006","article-title":"LCA and BIM: Visualisation of environmental potentials in building construction at early design stages","volume":"140","author":"Hollberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"05018002","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000303","article-title":"BIM-Based LCA Method to Analyse Envelope Alternatives of Single-Family Houses: Case Study in Uruguay","volume":"24","author":"Llatas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Archit. Eng."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.36253\/techne-12143","article-title":"Environmental impacts visualisation through open BIM procedures","volume":"23","author":"Barbini","year":"2022","journal-title":"TECHNE\u2014J. Technol. Archit. Environ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.131228","article-title":"Environmental impacts of Design for Reuse practices in the building sector","volume":"349","author":"Bertin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107232","article-title":"A framework using BIM and digital twins in facilitating LCSA for buildings","volume":"76","author":"Boje","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.02.028","article-title":"Comparative analysis between a complete LCA study and results from a BIM-LCA plug-in","volume":"90","author":"Bueno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, J.P., Villaschi, F.S., and Bragan\u00e7a, L. (2021). Assessing Life Cycle Environmental and Economic Impacts of Building Construction Solutions with BIM. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13168914"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.02.070","article-title":"Building-information-modeling enabled life cycle assessment, a case study on carbon footprint accounting for a residential building in China","volume":"183","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.11.247","article-title":"Continuous BIM-based assessment of embodied environmental impacts throughout the design process","volume":"211","author":"Cavalliere","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102972","article-title":"Evaluation of BIM-based LCA results for building design","volume":"109","author":"Hollberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.05.101","article-title":"Integrated optimisation with building information modeling and life cycle assessment for generating energy efficient buildings","volume":"250","author":"Najjar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.01.034","article-title":"Integrating building information modeling and life cycle assessment in the early and detailed building design stages","volume":"153","author":"Rezaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.02.011","article-title":"Integration of LCA and LCC analysis within a BIM-based environment","volume":"103","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101974","article-title":"An integrated life cycle assessment of different fa\u00e7ade systems for a typical residential building in Ghana","volume":"53","author":"Ansah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-03682-2","article-title":"BIM-based LCA and energy analysis for optimised sustainable building design in Ghana","volume":"2","author":"Asare","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horn, R., Ebertsh\u00e4user, S., Di Bari, R., Jorgji, O., Traunspurger, R., and Von Both, P. (2020). The BIM2LCA Approach: An Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)-Based Interface to Integrate Life Cycle Assessment in Integral Planning. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12166558"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naneva, A., Bonanomi, M., Hollberg, A., Habert, G., and Hall, D. (2020). Integrated BIM-Based LCA for the Entire Building Process Using an Existing Structure for Cost Estimation in the Swiss Context. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202003.0012.v1"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, E., Soust-Verdaguer, B., Llatas, C., and Traverso, M. (2020). How to Obtain Accurate Environmental Impacts at Early Design Stages in BIM When Using Environmental Product Declaration. A Method to Support Decision-Making. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12176927"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121705","article-title":"Development of a BIM-based Environmental and Economic Life Cycle Assessment tool","volume":"265","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103379","article-title":"BIM-based environmental impact assessment for infrastructure design projects","volume":"120","author":"Vahdatikhaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, F., Liu, G., Ji, Y., Tong, W., Du, X., Li, K., Shrestha, A., and Martek, I. (2020). Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Construction within the Industrialized Building Process: A Monetization and Building Information Modelling Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228396"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.107805","article-title":"Sustainable material choice for construction projects: A Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework based on BIM and Fuzzy-AHP","volume":"196","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giaveno, S., Osello, A., Garufi, D., and Razo, D.S. (2021). Embodied Carbon and Embodied Energy Scenarios in the Built Environment. Computational Design Meets EPDs. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132111974"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103980","article-title":"Environmental benchmarking of building typologies through BIM-based combinatorial case studies","volume":"132","author":"Marrero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125622","article-title":"An integrated approach of BIM-enabled LCA and energy simulation: The optimised solution towards sustainable development","volume":"289","author":"Tushar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Rowe, I., C\u00f3rdova-Arias, C., Brioso, X., and Santa-Cruz, S. (2021). A Method to Include Life Cycle Assessment Results in Choosing by Advantage (CBA) Multicriteria Decision Analysis. A Case Study for Seismic Retrofit in Peruvian Primary Schools. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13158139"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"102449","article-title":"BIM-enabled life cycle assessment of concrete formwork waste reduction through prefabrication","volume":"53","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.130083","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of embodied environmental impacts of buildings using normalised environmental impact factors","volume":"334","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filho, M.V.A.P.M., Da Costa, B.B.F., Najjar, M., Figueiredo, K.V., De Mendon\u00e7a, M.B., and Haddad, A.N. (2022). Sustainability Assessment of a Low-Income Building: A BIM-LCSA-FAHP-Based Analysis. Buildings, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12020181"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1108\/SASBE-09-2021-0157","article-title":"A BIM-based LCA tool for sustainable building design during the early design stage","volume":"11","author":"Kamari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Smart Sustain. Built Environ."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1108\/CI-02-2021-0011","article-title":"An integrated building information modeling (BIM)-based lifecycle-oriented framework for sustainable building design","volume":"24","author":"Kylili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Innov."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104259","article-title":"BIM-based LCSA application in early design stages using IFC","volume":"138","author":"LLatas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2021.106095","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of building demolition waste based on building information modeling","volume":"178","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109691","article-title":"BIM-based approach for the integrated assessment of life cycle carbon emission intensity and life cycle costs","volume":"226","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25669","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-023-03701-3","article-title":"Sustainable assessment of concrete structures using BIM\u2013LCA\u2013AHP integrated approaches","volume":"26","author":"Abdelaal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113269","article-title":"An open access online tool for LCA in building\u2019s early design stage in the Latin American context. A screening LCA case study for a bioclimatic building","volume":"295","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1108\/IJBPA-06-2021-0091","article-title":"Whole building life cycle assessment at the design stage: A BIM-based framework using environmental product declaration","volume":"41","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Build. Pathol. Adapt."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-022-02443-6","article-title":"An integrated building information modelling-based environmental impact assessment framework","volume":"25","author":"Ismaeel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clean Technol. Environ. Policy"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113401","article-title":"Enhancing whole building life cycle assessment through building information modelling: Principles and best practices","volume":"296","author":"Klumbyte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113528","article-title":"Automation of embodied carbon calculation in digital built environment- tool utilising UK LCI database","volume":"298","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.106898","article-title":"Parametric BIM-based life cycle assessment framework for optimal sustainable design","volume":"75","author":"Mowafy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.106356","article-title":"Carbon assessment of building shell options for eco self-build community housing through the integration of building energy modelling and life cycle analysis tools","volume":"70","author":"Newberry","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113219","article-title":"Optimising LCA in complex buildings with MLCAQ: A BIM-based methodology for automated multi-criteria materials selection","volume":"294","author":"Boronat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soust-Verdaguer, B., Guti\u00e9rrez, J.A., and Llatas, C. (2023). Development of a Plug-In to Support Sustainability Assessment in the Decision-Making of a Building Envelope Refurbishment. Buildings, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202305.1071.v1"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soust-Verdaguer, B., Moreno Ja, G., and Llatas, C. (2023). Utilisation of an Automatic Tool for Building Material Selection by Integrating Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment in the Early Design Stages in BIM. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15032274"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2022.105685","article-title":"Sustainability assessment model for mass housing\u2019s interior rehabilitation and its validation to Ekbatan, Iran","volume":"65","author":"Zolfaghari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"030002","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0180604","article-title":"Building information modelling (BIM) application at early design stages with consideration of LCA and LCCA","volume":"3041","author":"Sinoh","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.111662","article-title":"Developing a systematic framework for integrating life cycle carbon emission assessment in urban building energy modeling","volume":"260","author":"Seyedabadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sftr.2024.100166","article-title":"Reducing embodied carbon emissions of buildings\u2014A key consideration to meet the net zero target","volume":"7","author":"Arenas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Futures"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015002","DOI":"10.1088\/2634-4505\/ad17ce","article-title":"Strategies for connecting whole-building LCA to the low-carbon design process","volume":"4","author":"McCord","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Infrastruct. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozcan-Deniz, G., and Rodovalho, S. (2024). Towards carbon-neutral construction: Integrating BIM and energy analysis for sustainable design decision-making. Int. J. Archit. Comput.","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771241310213"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pibal, S.S., Bittner, R., and Kovacic, I. (2025). A BIM-Based Framework for Life cycle, Cost, and circularity data integration in environmental impact assessment. Sustainability, 17.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202501.2277.v1"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strelets, K., Zaborova, D., Kokaya, D., Petrochenko, M., and Melekhin, E. (2025). Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Based Building Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) file format. Sustainability, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/su17072848"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.115445","article-title":"Dynamic life cycle environmental impact assessment for urban built environment based on BIM and GIS","volume":"333","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"203","article-title":"Examining the decision criteria on BIM-LCA: A case study","volume":"25","author":"Atuahene","year":"2025","journal-title":"Constr. Econ. Build."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNeil-Ayuk, N., and Jrade, A. (2025). Integrating building information modeling and life cycle assessment to enhance the decisions related to selecting construction methods at the conceptual design stage of buildings. Sustainability, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/su17072877"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.28991\/CEJ-2025-011-01-08","article-title":"Interaction of life cycle assessment (LCA) and BIM in a construction project to reduce the environmental footprint","volume":"11","year":"2025","journal-title":"Civ. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["Buildings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-5309\/15\/17\/3157\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:38:16Z","timestamp":1760035096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-5309\/15\/17\/3157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["buildings15173157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings15173157","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-5309"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-5309","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]}}}