{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T16:36:23Z","timestamp":1766507783080,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the interlayer properties and sustainability of 3D-printed ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) modified with antimony tailings (ATs). The different AT ratios considered were 2.7, 5.4, 8.1, 10.8, and 13.5 wt% additions. The mechanical experiments show the optimal concentration resulting in compressive and flexural strength of 11.2% and 17.2% enhancement at 28 days, respectively. SEM analysis revealed that AT enhances the interlayer strength of 3D-printed UHPC and influences the anisotropic behavior of the matrix around steel fibers. X-CT demonstrated that increasing the AT from the compared group to 13.5% reduced the pore volume from 2.02% to 0.30%. Furthermore, an environmental impact assessment of the 10.8 wt% AT exhibited a 32.5% reduction in key indicators including abiotic depletion (ADP), acidification potential (AP), global warming potential (GWP), and ozone depletion potential (ODP). Consequently, UHPC incorporating AT offers superior environmental sustainability in the practical construction of 3D-printed concrete. This research provides practical guidance in optimizing 3D-printed UHPC engineering, further facilitating the integrated design and manufacturing of multi-layer structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings16010053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T14:27:47Z","timestamp":1766500067000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Interlayer Properties and Sustainability of 3D-Printed UHPC with Antimony Tailings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Baidian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Communications Investment Group Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330000, China"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Traffic Engineering Assembly Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330000, China"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Institute of Communications Planning Design & Research Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310006, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Resilient Infrastructures of Coastal Cities, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Institute of Communications Planning Design & Research Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310006, China"}]},{"given":"Hongyuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Railway Tunnel Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511458, China"}]},{"given":"Yufa","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Railway Tunnel Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511458, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.139679","article-title":"Effect of iron tailing fines on dynamic properties and microstructure of recycled steel fibre reinforced ultra-high performance concrete","volume":"460","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Constr. 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