{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T13:22:40Z","timestamp":1770729760916,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of the 14th Five-year Plan of China","award":["2022YFC3803403-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3803403-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study addresses the technical challenges of using construction residue sand (CRS) with high mud content in 3D printing by developing a novel sustainable mortar system. The key novelty lies in optimizing the mix design with calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) and defining a quantitative printability window. Results show that at a CSA dosage of 10\u201315% and a sand\u2013binder ratio of 1.4\u20131.5, the mortar achieves excellent printability, with a fluidity of 165\u2013195 mm and a slump of 10\u201340 mm. Mechanistically, CSA promotes AFt formation, refining pore structure, and enhancing mechanical strength. This work provides a high-value pathway for recycling construction waste and advancing green intelligent construction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings16040709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T16:13:32Z","timestamp":1770653612000},"page":"709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainably 3D-Printing Mortar with Construction Residue Sand: Printability, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructural Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Engineering Technology Innovation Centre for Construction Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing 100044, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3999-4457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Can","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}]},{"given":"Mingli","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}]},{"given":"Handi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135387","article-title":"Recycling waste sand from slurry shield tunneling: A sustainable filter aid for waste slurry dehydration","volume":"383","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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