{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:29:42Z","timestamp":1760243382433,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Buildings"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cooperative housing sector is directed at low and medium income residents who cannot afford to buy their homes in the regular private market. Due to social housing legislation, it is possible to build cooperative housing below regular market costs and use tax benefits, therefore providing affordable dwellings to their owners. Traditional cooperative housing used to provide less comfort and higher running costs in indoor and domestic hot water heating than in standard construction. However, cooperative housing has started to change its method of traditional construction towards sustainable construction, in order to benefit from the savings on energy consumption and domestic water as well as to provide an improvement as far as the comfort of its residents is concerned. Therefore, in this article, the savings in electricity and natural gas in different building settlements, calculated for Madalena building\u2014sustainable construction\u2014and for Azenha de Cima building\u2014traditional construction\u2014will be presented, according to two different criteria of calculation: efficiency of dwellings at a pre-determined standard level of indoor comfort opposed to real consumptions made by residents. For each building under analysis, an energy audit and further monitoring were brought in, in order to issue an energy evaluation according to the Portuguese energy agency rules. Results showed an expected decrease of the operational costs of natural gas and electricity, obtained by the use of efficient building systems and equipment, as well as a decrease of the payback period for each situation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings3010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T10:53:47Z","timestamp":1357296827000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Achieving Cost Benefits in Sustainable Cooperative Housing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, Guimaraes 4800-058, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2713-6322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, Guimaraes 4800-058, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mour\u00e3o, J., and Pedro, J.B. (2007). Portugal SB 07 Sustainable Construction, Materials and Practices, IOS Press."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Edwards, B. (2005). Gu\u00eda B\u00e1sica de la Sostenibilidad (in Spanish), Editorial Gustavo Gili. [3rd]."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Coelho, A. (2006). Encontro Nacional sobre Qualidade e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o na Constru\u00e7\u00e3o\u2014QIC 2006, LNEC."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Halliday, S., and Stevenson, F. (2004). Summary Report on Sustainable Construction and the Regulatory Framework, Gaia Research Edimburg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halliday, S. (2009). Sustainable Construction, Elsevier. [1st].","DOI":"10.4324\/9780080557168"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2006). Decree-Law Nr. 78\/2006, Energy Certification and Indoor Air Quality in Buildings, Portuguese Legislation."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2006). 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Habita\u00e7\u00e3o Cooperativa em Portugal 1974\u20131991 (in Portuguese), Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Cooperativas de Habita\u00e7\u00e3o Econ\u00f3mica (FENACHE)."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Santos, I., Soares, L., and Teixeira, J. (2007). SB07 Lisbon\u2014Sustainable Construction, Materials and Practices: Challenge of the Industry for the New Millenium, IOS Press."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2007). The First Cooperative Development of Sustainable Housing in Portugal (in Portuguese), Germina."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(1998). Law Nr. 85\/98, Tax Cooperative Statute, Portuguese legislation."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Outrequin, P. (2006). Report on Social and Economic Aspects and Monitoring; EU SHE (Sustainable Housing in Europe) Project, SHE Sustainable Housing in Europe."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Nicholls, R. (2008). The Green Building Bible: The Low Energy Design Technical Reference, Green Building Press. [4th]."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Kibert, C. (2008). Sustainable Construction, Green Building Design and Delivery, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.. [2nd]."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Santos, C. (2007). Thermal Transmittance Values for Elements of Building Envelope, ITE50, LNEC."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Strother, E., and Turner, W. (1990). Thermal Insulation Building Guide, Robert Krieger Publishing Company, Inc."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Lusardi, A. (2007). The Role the Co-Operative Housing Sector Can Play in Combating Climate Change, The EU SHE (Sustainable Housing in Europe) project."}],"container-title":["Buildings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-5309\/3\/1\/1\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:44:03Z","timestamp":1760219043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-5309\/3\/1\/1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["buildings3010001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings3010001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-5309"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-5309"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]]}}}