{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:08:20Z","timestamp":1760242100427,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984","RTChip4Theranostics","UID\/AGR\/00690\/2013","SFRH\/BD\/97658\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984","RTChip4Theranostics","UID\/AGR\/00690\/2013","SFRH\/BD\/97658\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["C"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by green routes using a methanolic extract of Rubus ulmifolius Schott flowers. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles were coated with carbon-based shell for drug delivery application. The nanocomposites were further chemically functionalized with nitric acid and, sequentially, with Pluronic\u00ae F68 (CMNPs-plur) to enhance their colloidal stability. The resulting material was dispersed in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 to study the Doxorubicin loading. After shaking for 48 h, 99.13% of the drug was loaded by the nanocomposites. Subsequently, the drug release was studied in different working phosphate buffer solutions (i.e., PB pH 4.5, pH 6.0 and pH 7.4) to determine the efficiency of the synthesized material for drug delivery as pH-dependent drug nanocarrier. The results have shown a drug release quantity 18% higher in mimicking tumor environment than in the physiological one. Therefore, this study demonstrates the ability of CMNPs-plur to release a drug with pH dependence, which could be used in the future for the treatment of cancer \"in situ\" by means of controlled drug release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/c5010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T11:52:42Z","timestamp":1545997962000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Carbon-Based Magnetic Nanocarrier for Controlled Drug Release: A Green Synthesis Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5367-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica R. P.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1, Av. Monteiro Lobato, s\/n\u2013Jardim Carvalho, Ponta Grossa, PR 84016-210, Brasil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel O.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4910-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel C. F. R.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8083-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds F.","family":"Marchesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1, Av. Monteiro Lobato, s\/n\u2013Jardim Carvalho, Ponta Grossa, PR 84016-210, Brasil"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Koneracka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040-01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovak Republic"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Jurikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040-01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovak Republic"}]},{"given":"Vlasta","family":"Zavisova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040-01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovak Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6898-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder T.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcrysgrow.2008.08.003","article-title":"Synthesis, properties, and applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles","volume":"55","author":"Teja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. 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