{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:18:56Z","timestamp":1762543136664,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"COMPETE2020, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016387"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["C"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work reviews the latest developments of cathodes for electrochemical CO2 reduction, with carbon black, mesoporous carbons, carbon nanofibers, graphene, its derivatives and\/or carbon nanotubes as constituents. Electrochemical CO2 reduction into fuels and chemicals powered by renewable energy is a technology that can contribute to climate change mitigation. Strategies used in this fast-evolving field are discussed, having in mind a commercial application. Electrochemical performance of several materials is analyzed, using in some cases the findings of theoretical computational studies, which show the enormous potential of these materials. Considerable challenges still lie ahead to bring this technology into industrial deployment. However, the significant progress achieved so far shows that further R&amp;D efforts might pay off.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/c5040083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T03:20:16Z","timestamp":1576120816000},"page":"83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Carbon Materials as Cathode Constituents for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Messias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4499-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Nunes da Ponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7432-8725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"S. Reis-Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/318162a0","article-title":"C60: Buckminsterfullerene","volume":"318","author":"Kroto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/354056a0","article-title":"Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon","volume":"354","author":"Iijima","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11187","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1821029116","article-title":"Climate change mitigation potential of carbon capture and utilization in the chemical industry","volume":"116","author":"Meys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. 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