{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:59:15Z","timestamp":1774439955591,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["InTreat-PTDC\/EAM-AMB\/31337\/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["InTreat-PTDC\/EAM-AMB\/31337\/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-045925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-045925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/EQU\/50020\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EQU\/50020\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DL57\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL57\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECINST\/00049\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00049\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["InTreat-PTDC\/EAM-AMB\/31337\/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["InTreat-PTDC\/EAM-AMB\/31337\/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-045925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-045925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011929","name":"Programa Operacional Tem\u00e1tico Factores de Competitividade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-045925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-045925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["C"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The catalytic removal of nitrate (NO3\u2212) in water using hydrogen as a reducing agent was studied using palladium-copper bimetallic catalysts in different supports. Commercial carbon nanotubes (CNTs), used as received and with different mechanical (CNT (BM 2h)) and chemical modifications (CNT (BM 4h)-N), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and composite materials (TiO2-CNT) were considered as main supports for the metallic phase. Different metal loadings were studied to synthesize an optimized catalyst with high NO3\u2212 conversion rate and considerable selectivity for N2 formation. Among all the studied support materials, the milled carbon nanotubes (sample CNT (BM 2h) was the support that showed the most promising results using 1%Pd-1%Cu as metallic phases. The most active catalysts were 2.5%Pd-2.5%Cu and 5%Pd-2.5%Cu supported on CNT (BM 2h), achieving total conversion after a 120 min reaction with N2 selectivity values of 62% and 60%, respectively. Reutilization experiments allowed us to conclude that these catalysts were stable during several reactions, in terms of NO3\u2212 conversion rate. However, the consecutive reuse of the catalyst leads to major changes concerning NH4+ selectivity values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/c6040078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T21:00:57Z","timestamp":1606683657000},"page":"78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nitrate Catalytic Reduction over Bimetallic Catalysts: Catalyst Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"A. Sofia G. G.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1988-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Restivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7511-3825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla A.","family":"Orge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5447-2471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Fernando R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9015-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O. Salom\u00e9 G. P.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(99)00228-X","article-title":"Improving the catalytic nitrate reduction","volume":"55","author":"Daum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Catal. 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