{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T07:57:45Z","timestamp":1764403065759,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","REF-168-89-ARH\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","REF-168-89-ARH\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["C"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metal\u2013organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials with permanent porosity, composed of metal nodes and organic linkers whose well-ordered arrangement enables them to act as ideal templates to produce materials with a uniform distribution of heteroatom and metal elements. The hybrid nature of MOFs, well-defined pore structure, large surface area and tunable chemical composition of their precursors, led to the preparation of various MOF-derived porous carbons with controlled structures and compositions bearing some of the unique structural properties of the parent networks. In this regard, an important class of MOFs constructed with porphyrin ligands were described, playing significant roles in the metal distribution within the porous carbon material. The most striking early achievements using porphyrin-based MOF porous carbons are here summarized, including preparation methods and their transformation into materials for electrochemical reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/c7020047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T02:31:34Z","timestamp":1621218694000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Porphyrin MOF-Derived Porous Carbons: Preparation and Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3685-9736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Figueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2051-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe A. Almeida","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704303","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704303","article-title":"Stable Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Applications","volume":"30","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213407","article-title":"Green synthesis of metal\u2013organic frameworks: A state-of-the-art review of potential environmental and medical applications","volume":"420","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10638","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00257","article-title":"Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks for Food Safety","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9121","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00883D","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic frameworks: A future toolbox for biomedicine?","volume":"49","author":"Mendes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7223","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b00733","article-title":"Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks as Catalysts for Organic Synthesis: A Critical Perspective","volume":"141","author":"Pascanu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EN01167B","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic framework-based nanomaterials for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants: Recent progress and challenges","volume":"6","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2017.07.006","article-title":"Recent advances in gas storage and separation using metal\u2013organic frameworks","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueira, F.S., Barbosa, J.F., Mendes, R.S., and Braga, S.A. (2020). Almeida Paz, F. Virus meet metal-organic frameworks: A nanoporous solution to a world-sized problem?. Mater. Today.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2020.10.024"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.229444","article-title":"An extensive review on three dimension architectural Metal-Organic Frameworks towards supercapacitor application","volume":"488","author":"Mohanty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2015.08.004","article-title":"Synthesis and applications of metal-organic framework\u2013quantum dot (QD@MOF) composites","volume":"307","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7301","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA12178H","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic framework composites and their electrochemical applications","volume":"7","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2015.07.011","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic frameworks for electrochemical applications","volume":"75","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9269","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee22989g","article-title":"Metal organic frameworks for electrochemical applications","volume":"5","author":"Morozan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804903","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804903","article-title":"Hollow Functional Materials Derived from Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks: Synthetic Strategies, Conversion Mechanisms, and Electrochemical Applications","volume":"31","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15519","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA03833G","article-title":"The synthesis and electrochemical applications of core\u2013shell MOFs and their derivatives","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00614D","article-title":"Synthesis of micro\/nanoscaled metal\u2013organic frameworks and their direct electrochemical applications","volume":"49","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700187","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.201700187","article-title":"Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks and Their Composites: Synthesis and Electrochemical Applications","volume":"1","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7034","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.0c00601","article-title":"Recent Electrochemical Applications of Metal\u2013Organic Framework-Based Materials","volume":"20","author":"Tajik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16571","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA04680A","article-title":"Redox-active metal\u2013organic frameworks for energy conversion and storage","volume":"7","author":"Calbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8957","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CC00805D","article-title":"Exploiting redox activity in metal\u2013organic frameworks: Concepts, trends and perspectives","volume":"52","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7371","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CE00854E","article-title":"Recent advances in the design strategies for porphyrin-based coordination polymers","volume":"16","author":"Zha","year":"2014","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.01.019","article-title":"Photophysical properties of metal-mediated assemblies of porphyrins","volume":"250","author":"Scandola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.2174\/15701794113106660089","article-title":"Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines Decorated with Dendrimers: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications","volume":"11","author":"Figueira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Org. Synth."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1142\/S1088424611003653","article-title":"Silica nanoparticles functionalized with porphyrins and analogs for biomedical studies","volume":"15","author":"Figueira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1142\/S1088424616300135","article-title":"Synthesis and anion binding properties of porphyrins and related compounds","volume":"20","author":"Figueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10261","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00244","article-title":"Glycosylated Porphyrins, Phthalocyanines, and Other Porphyrinoids for Diagnostics and Therapeutics","volume":"115","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00427","article-title":"Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies","volume":"117","author":"Hiroto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2159","article-title":"Porphyrins at interfaces","volume":"7","author":"Klappenberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS01482F","article-title":"Porphyrin-based frameworks for oxygen electrocatalysis and catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide","volume":"50","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b03295","article-title":"Advanced Electrocatalysts Based on Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12712","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR03115A","article-title":"Surface-coordinated metal\u2013organic framework thin films (SURMOFs) for electrocatalytic applications","volume":"12","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitagawa, S., Noro, S.-I., and Nakamura, T. (2006). Pore surface engineering of microporous coordination polymers. Chem. Commun., 701\u2013707.","DOI":"10.1039\/B511728C"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2016.12.002","article-title":"Metal-Organic Frameworks for Energy Applications","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-019-0184-6","article-title":"Metal-organic framework functionalization and design strategies for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices","volume":"2","author":"Baumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8144","DOI":"10.1039\/C9DT00378A","article-title":"Copper-phthalocyanine coordination polymer as a reusable catechol oxidase biomimetic catalyst","volume":"48","author":"Castro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.8b02014","article-title":"Detoxification of a Mustard-Gas Simulant by Nanosized Porphyrin-Based Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks","volume":"2","author":"Pereira","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.7b03214","article-title":"Bifunctional Porphyrin-Based Nano-Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks: Catalytic and Chemosensing Studies","volume":"57","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5010","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201909880","article-title":"Porphyrin-Based Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrasco, S. (2018). Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Development of Biosensors: A Current Overview. Biosensors, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios8040092"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2018.08.010","article-title":"Metal-organic frameworks for direct electrochemical applications","volume":"376","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126960","article-title":"Recent progress on metal-organic framework-derived porous carbon and its composite for pollutant adsorption from liquid phase","volume":"405","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5369","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SC01432J","article-title":"Bimetallic metal\u2013organic frameworks and their derivatives","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704537","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201704537","article-title":"Recent Progress in MOF-Derived, Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbons as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b05463","article-title":"Scalable and Sustainable Synthesis of Advanced Porous Materials","volume":"7","author":"Peh","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213615","article-title":"A historical perspective on porphyrin-based metal\u2013organic frameworks and their applications","volume":"429","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001561","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202001561","article-title":"Recent Advances in MOF-Derived Single Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Applications","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osmieri, L. (2019). Transition Metal\u2013Nitrogen\u2013Carbon (M\u2013N\u2013C) Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Insights on Synthesis and Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. ChemEngineering, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemengineering3010016"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201504867","article-title":"Metal\u2013Organic Framework-Templated Porous Carbon for Highly Efficient Catalysis: The Critical Role of Pyrrolic Nitrogen Species","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201701082","article-title":"Synthesis of MOF-525 Derived Nanoporous Carbons with Different Particle Sizes for Supercapacitor Application","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2020.107825","article-title":"Unraveling the relationship of the pore structures between the metal-organic frameworks and their derived carbon materials","volume":"114","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b00076","article-title":"New Heterometallic Zirconium Metalloporphyrin Frameworks and Their Heteroatom-Activated High-Surface-Area Carbon Derivatives","volume":"137","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26769","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b08320","article-title":"Tuning the Catalytic Activity of a Metal\u2013Organic Framework Derived Copper and Nitrogen Co-Doped Carbon Composite for Oxygen Reduction Reaction","volume":"8","author":"Volosskiy","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10988","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202002908","article-title":"Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Frameworks Derived Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","volume":"5","author":"Mei","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CY00168E","article-title":"Hierarchically porous Fe\u2013N\u2013C nanospindles derived from a porphyrinic coordination network for oxygen reduction reaction","volume":"8","author":"Hua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7160","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CY01735C","article-title":"Pyrolysis-driven synthesis of nanoscale carambola-like carbon decorated with atomically dispersed Fe sites toward efficient oxygen reduction reaction","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NH00510B","article-title":"Subnanometer iron clusters confined in a porous carbon matrix for highly efficient zinc\u2013air batteries","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horizons"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8525","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201803262","article-title":"From Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks to Single-Atom Fe Implanted N-doped Porous Carbons: Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media","volume":"57","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768595","DOI":"10.34133\/2019\/1768595","article-title":"Migration-Prevention Strategy to Fabricate Single-Atom Fe Implanted N-Doped Porous Carbons for Efficient Oxygen Reduction","volume":"2019","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16715-6","article-title":"Nanocasting SiO2 into metal\u2013organic frameworks imparts dual protection to high-loading Fe single-atom electrocatalysts","volume":"11","author":"Jiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA11201K","article-title":"Recent progress in electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26371","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA10206J","article-title":"Single-atom catalysts templated by metal\u2013organic frameworks for electrochemical nitrogen reduction","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201700864","article-title":"Metal\u2013Organic Framework-Derived FeCo-N-Doped Hollow Porous Carbon Nanocubes for Electrocatalysis in Acidic and Alkaline Media","volume":"10","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800068","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.201800068","article-title":"Nanosheet-Assembled Hierarchical Carbon Nanoframeworks Bearing a Multiactive Center for Oxygen Reduction Reaction","volume":"2","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23852","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b07142","article-title":"Porphyrinic Metal\u2013Organic Framework-Templated Fe\u2013Ni\u2013P\/Reduced Graphene Oxide for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution","volume":"9","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"}],"container-title":["C"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2311-5629\/7\/2\/47\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:01:52Z","timestamp":1760162512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2311-5629\/7\/2\/47"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["c7020047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/c7020047","relation":{},"ISSN":["2311-5629"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2311-5629"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]}}}