{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:33:07Z","timestamp":1772555587883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phenolic compounds may exert a favorable effect on the risk of several cancer types, including gastric cancer (GC). However, selected polyphenol classes have not been adequately investigated in relation to GC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the intake of polyphenols in relation to GC risk. We used data from the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, including 10 studies from six countries (3471 GC cases and 8344 controls). We carried out an individual participant data pooled analysis using a two-stage approach. The summary odds ratios (ORs) of GC for each compound, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were computed by pooling study specific ORs obtained through multivariate logistic regression, using random effect models. Inverse associations with GC emerged for total polyphenols (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54\u20130.81, for the highest versus lowest quartile of intake), total flavonoids (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55\u20130.90), anthocyanidins (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56\u20130.92), flavanols (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.66\u20130.88), flavanones (OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.44\u20130.69), total phenolic acids (OR = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.55\u20130.94), and hydroxybenzoic acids (OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.57\u20130.89). Results were consistent across strata of age, sex, social class, and smoking habit. Suggestive inverse associations were also found for flavonols (OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.51\u20131.01) and hydroxycinnamic acids (OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.58\u20131.06). Further investigations from longitudinal data are needed to confirm this association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12103064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T20:50:07Z","timestamp":1603227007000},"page":"3064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Polyphenol Intake and Gastric Cancer Risk: Findings from the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project (StoP)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3118-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Facundo","family":"Vitelli-Storelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Gene-Environment Interactions and Health, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Pelucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3928-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Rota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5558-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Palli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, ISPRO, 08518 Florence, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4542-4996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Ferraroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1870-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Lunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, EPIUnit\u2013Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica e Forenses e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, EPIUnit\u2013Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lizbeth","family":"L\u00f3pez-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mexico National Institute of Public Health, Morelos 62100, Mexico"}]},{"given":"David Georgievich","family":"Zaridze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Maximovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0916-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Rub\u00edn Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Gene-Environment Interactions and Health, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4468-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Casta\u00f1o-Vinyals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Public health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health\u2014ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Aragon\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, 28035 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-2704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Garcia de la Hera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH, 46020 Alicante, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal Ulises","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Bonzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7584-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary H.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}]},{"given":"Areti","family":"Lagiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Community Health, School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Pagona","family":"Lagiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10561 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}]},{"given":"Malaqu\u00edas","family":"L\u00f3pez-Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Coyoac\u00e1n 04810, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1065-2198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Constanza","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Curado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo 01508-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4669-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuo-Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6900, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2284-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Vioque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH, 46020 Alicante, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1441-897X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"La Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0552-2804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Mart\u00edn S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Gene-Environment Interactions and Health, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"Yusefi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.01.003","article-title":"Gastric cancer: Epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"42","author":"Forman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.12.2195","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention of gastric cancer","volume":"20","author":"Stadtlander","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515000148","article-title":"Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk: A review of southern European studies","volume":"113","author":"Turati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27120","article-title":"Fruit, vegetables, and colorectal cancer risk: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition","volume":"89","author":"Ferrari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6606032","article-title":"Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk","volume":"104","author":"Key","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.25","article-title":"Dietary intake of flavonoids and oesophageal and gastric cancer: Incidence and survival in the United States of America (USA)","volume":"112","author":"Petrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grosso, G., Godos, J., Lamuela-Raventos, R., Ray, S., Micek, A., Pajak, A., Sciacca, S., D\u2019Orazio, N., Del Rio, D., and Galvano, F. (2017). A comprehensive meta-analysis on dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and cancer risk: Level of evidence and limitations. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 61.","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600930"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000016619.18041.b0","article-title":"Flavonoids, vitamin C and adenocarcinoma of the stomach","volume":"15","author":"Lagiou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitelli Storelli, F., Molina, A.J., Zamora-Ros, R., Fernandez-Villa, T., Roussou, V., Romaguera, D., Aragones, N., Obon-Santacana, M., Guevara, M., and Gomez-Acebo, I. (2019). Flavonoids and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: An Exploratory Case-Control Study in the MCC-Spain Study. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11050967"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24836","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24836","article-title":"Dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of digestive tract cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Bo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24454","article-title":"Dietary intake of polyphenols, nitrate and nitrite and gastric cancer risk in Mexico City","volume":"125","author":"Ward","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000017","article-title":"The stomach cancer pooling (StoP) project: Study design and presentation","volume":"24","author":"Pelucchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferro, A., Costa, A.R., Morais, S., Bertuccio, P., Rota, M., Pelucchi, C., Hu, J., Johnson, K.C., Zhang, Z.F., and Palli, D. (2020). Fruits and vegetables intake and gastric cancer risk: A pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling Project. Int. J. Cancer.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33134"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580802054512","article-title":"Food groups and alcoholic beverages and the risk of stomach cancer: A case-control study in Italy","volume":"60","author":"Lucenteforte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910440409","article-title":"A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy","volume":"44","author":"Buiatti","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagiou, P., and Trichopoulos, D. (2007). Parental family structure, Helicobacter pylori, and gastric adenocarcinoma. PLoS Med., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040025"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990812)82:4<473::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Aspirin protects against gastric cancer: Results of a case-control study from Moscow, Russia","volume":"82","author":"Zaridze","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cej.0000236255.95769.22","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption and gastric cancer by location and histological type: Case-control and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Lunet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2014.12.003","article-title":"Population-based multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain): Rationale and study design","volume":"29","author":"Aragones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100071","article-title":"Occupational exposures and risk of stomach cancer by histological type","volume":"69","author":"Santibanez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116993","article-title":"Chili pepper consumption and gastric cancer in Mexico: A case-control study","volume":"139","author":"Dubrow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11195","article-title":"Capsaicin consumption, Helicobacter pylori positivity and gastric cancer in Mexico","volume":"106","author":"Blair","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bat070","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/bat070","article-title":"Phenol-Explorer 3.0: A major update of the Phenol-Explorer database to incorporate data on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content","volume":"2013","author":"Rothwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Database"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.071274","article-title":"Recommendations on reporting requirements for flavonoids in research","volume":"101","author":"Balentine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj127","article-title":"Methods for pooling results of epidemiologic studies: The Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer","volume":"163","author":"Spiegelman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S","article-title":"Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies","volume":"65","author":"Willett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.09.002","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials revisited","volume":"45","author":"DerSimonian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"StataCorp (2013). Stata Statistical Software: Release 13, StataCorp LP."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Python Software Foundation (2019, July 19). Python Language Reference, Available online: http:\/\/www.python.org."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"R Core Team (2017). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online: http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008867108960","article-title":"Intake of specific carotenoids and flavonoids and the risk of gastric cancer in Spain","volume":"10","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.3.560","article-title":"Flavonoid intake and risk of chronic diseases","volume":"76","author":"Knekt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012232008016","article-title":"Flavonol and flavone intake and the risk of cancer in male smokers (Finland)","volume":"12","author":"Hirvonen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.117.251579","article-title":"Dietary Flavonoid Intake Reduces the Risk of Head and Neck but Not Esophageal or Gastric Cancer in US Men and Women","volume":"147","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.037358","article-title":"Dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and gastric adenocarcinoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study","volume":"96","author":"Agudo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-010-9588-4","article-title":"Flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and the risk of stomach cancer","volume":"21","author":"Rossi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6114961","article-title":"Dietary flavonoids and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population","volume":"6","author":"Woo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73573","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12017","article-title":"Flavan-3-ols consumption and cancer risk: A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies","volume":"7","author":"Lei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.65.72","article-title":"Intake of Anthocyanins and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis on Cohort and Case-Control Studies","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq390","article-title":"Dietary quercetin intake and risk of gastric cancer: Results from a population-based study in Sweden","volume":"22","author":"Ekstrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Huang, S., and Su, Y. (2016). Dietary Flavonols Intake and Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8020091"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12114","article-title":"Dietary factors affecting polyphenol bioavailability","volume":"72","author":"Bohn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.2.5.9498","article-title":"Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease","volume":"2","author":"Pandey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nux012","article-title":"Possible role of diet in cancer: Systematic review and multiple meta-analyses of dietary patterns, lifestyle factors, and cancer risk","volume":"75","author":"Grosso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.26736D","article-title":"Interindividual differences in response to plant-based diets: Implications for cancer risk","volume":"89","author":"Lampe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Garcia, C., Sanchez-Quesada, C., and Gaforio, J.J. (2019). Dietary Flavonoids as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: An Updated Review of Human Studies. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8050137"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00087","article-title":"The Role of Polyphenols in Human Health and Food Systems: A Mini-Review","volume":"5","author":"Cory","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.727","article-title":"Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability","volume":"79","author":"Manach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"5850","article-title":"Absorption, metabolism and protective role of fruits and vegetables polyphenols against gastric cancer","volume":"21","author":"Metere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32046","article-title":"Citrus fruit intake and gastric cancer: The stomach cancer pooling (StoP) project consortium","volume":"144","author":"Bertuccio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017002208","article-title":"Association between green tea intake and risk of gastric cancer: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(02)00208-5","article-title":"Flavonoid antioxidants: Chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships","volume":"13","author":"Heim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15996","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13723","article-title":"Inhibition of cancer antioxidant defense by natural compounds","volume":"8","author":"Sznarkowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9346470","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9346470","article-title":"Bioactivity of Polyphenols: Preventive and Adjuvant Strategies toward Reducing Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Promises, Perspectives, and Pitfalls","volume":"2016","author":"Kaulmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966511000162X","article-title":"Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents","volume":"69","author":"Serafini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2016.1186023","article-title":"Effect of propolis in gastric disorders: Inhibition studies on the growth of Helicobacter pylori and production of its urease","volume":"31","author":"Baltas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.07.023","article-title":"Antiulcer properties of fruits and vegetables: A mechanism based perspective","volume":"108","author":"Harsha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2006.11.004","article-title":"Effects of dietary flavonoids on apoptotic pathways related to cancer chemoprevention","volume":"18","author":"Ramos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1403","article-title":"(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines by down-regulating survivin expression","volume":"38","author":"Onoda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11365","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5013-2","article-title":"Naringenin inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as induces apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC7901 cell line by downregulation of AKT pathway","volume":"37","author":"Bao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1134","article-title":"Study on Mulberry Anthocyanins Induced Autophagy and Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cell Autophagy","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhong Yao Cai"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii69","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq083","article-title":"Trends in oesophago-gastric cancer incidence in Spain: Analysis by subsite and histology","volume":"21","author":"Aragones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/12\/10\/3064\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:24:51Z","timestamp":1760178291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/12\/10\/3064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers12103064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers12103064","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]}}}