{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T01:01:56Z","timestamp":1776128516237,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ISCIII-FEDER","award":["CP13\/00189 and CPII18\/00009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP13\/00189 and CPII18\/00009"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04462\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04462\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent malignant bone tumour in children and young adults and currently only untargeted chemotherapeutic approaches and surgery are available as treatment, although clinical trials are on-going for recently developed ES-targeted therapies. To study ES pathobiology and develop novel drugs, established cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are the most employed experimental models. Nevertheless, the establishment of ES cell lines is difficult and the extensive use of PDX raises economic\/ethical concerns. There is a growing consensus regarding the use of 3D cell culture to recapitulate physiological and pathophysiological features of human tissues, including drug sensitivity. Herein, we implemented a 3D cell culture methodology based on encapsulation of PDX-derived ES cell spheroids in alginate and maintenance in agitation-based culture systems. Under these conditions, ES cells displayed high proliferative and metabolic activity, while retaining the typical EWSR1-FLI1 chromosomal translocation. Importantly, 3D cultures presented reduced mouse PDX cell contamination compared to 2D cultures. Finally, we show that these 3D cultures can be employed in drug sensitivity assays, with results similar to those reported for the PDX of origin. In conclusion, this novel 3D cell culture method involving ES-PDX-derived cells is a suitable model to study ES pathobiology and can assist in the development of novel drugs against this disease, complementing PDX studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T20:54:08Z","timestamp":1613768048000},"page":"879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["PDX-Derived Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma Cells Retain High Viability and Disease Phenotype in Alginate Encapsulated Spheroid Cultures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3947-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Domenici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Eduardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3861-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Castillo-Ecija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Passeig Sant Joan de D\u00e9u 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0773-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorka","family":"Orive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8485-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Montero Carcaboso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Passeig Sant Joan de D\u00e9u 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8926-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S170585","article-title":"Management of recurrent Ewing sarcoma: Challenges and approaches","volume":"12","author":"Wagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0003-x","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma","volume":"4","author":"Surdez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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