{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:40:36Z","timestamp":1761396036281,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 la Marat\u00f3 de TV3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201915-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201915-31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EU H2020 LaserLab Europe","award":["654148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["654148"]}]},{"name":"\u201cSevero Ochoa\u201d program","award":["SEV-2015-0522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEV-2015-0522"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microcalcifications are detected through mammography screening and, depending on their morphology and distribution (BI-RADS classification), they can be considered one of the first indicators of suspicious cancer lesions. However, the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) calcifications and their relationship with malignancy remains unknown. In this work, we report the most detailed three-dimensional biochemical analysis of breast cancer microcalcifications to date, combining 3D Raman spectroscopy imaging and advanced multivariate analysis in order to investigate in depth the molecular composition of HAp calcifications found in 26 breast cancer tissue biopsies. We demonstrate that DNA has been naturally adsorbed and encapsulated inside HAp microcalcifications. Furthermore, we also show the encapsulation of other relevant biomolecules in HAp calcifications, such as lipids, proteins, cytochrome C and polysaccharides. The demonstration of natural DNA biomineralization, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, represents an unprecedented advance in the field, as it can pave the way to understanding the role of HAp in malignant tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T11:33:20Z","timestamp":1622201600000},"page":"2658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unravelling the Encapsulation of DNA and Other Biomolecules in HAp Microcalcifications of Human Breast Cancer Tissues by Raman Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4031-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Marro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICFO\u2014Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7724-3495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development B. Braun Surgical, S.A.U. Ctra. de Terrassa, 121, Rub\u00ed, 08191 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Campus de la UAB, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Pla\u00e7a C\u00edvica, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7397-5093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuauht\u00e9moc","family":"Araujo-Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICFO\u2014Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2366-7110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Figueras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de la Immaculada, 22, 08017 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cam\u00ed de les Escoles, s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Laia","family":"P\u00e9rez-Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cam\u00ed de les Escoles, s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Castell\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cam\u00ed de les Escoles, s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Navin\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cam\u00ed de les Escoles, s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mariscal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cam\u00ed de les Escoles, s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Joan Francesc","family":"Juli\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus de la UAB, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Pla\u00e7a C\u00edvica, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cam\u00ed de les Escoles, s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6354-9701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pau","family":"Turon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development B. Braun Surgical, S.A.U. Ctra. de Terrassa, 121, Rub\u00ed, 08191 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3129-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Loza-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICFO\u2014Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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