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Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices are a solution that has been explored over the last decade. The combination of microfluidics and cell culture allows the design of a dynamic microenvironment suitable for the evaluation of treatments\u2019 efficacy and effects, closer to the response observed in patients. This systematic review sums the studies from the last decade, where OoC with cancer cell cultures were used for drug screening assays. The studies were selected from three databases and analyzed following the research guidelines for systematic reviews proposed by PRISMA. In the selected studies, several types of cancer cells were evaluated, and the majority of treatments tested were standard chemotherapeutic drugs. Some studies reported higher drug resistance of the cultures on the OoC devices than on 2D cultures, which indicates the better resemblance to in vivo conditions of the former. Several studies also included the replication of the microvasculature or the combination of different cell cultures. The presence of vasculature can influence positively or negatively the drug efficacy since it contributes to a greater diffusion of the drug and also oxygen and nutrients. Co-cultures with liver cells contributed to the evaluation of the systemic toxicity of some drugs metabolites. Nevertheless, few studies used patient cells for the drug screening assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14040935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T20:32:30Z","timestamp":1644784350000},"page":"935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for Drug Screening and Delivery in Tumor Cells: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"METRICS, University of Minho, Alameda da Universidade, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"IN+\u2014Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-4746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"METRICS, University of Minho, Alameda da Universidade, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ALGORITMI Center, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel O.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, 4806-909 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3884-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, 4806-909 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7464-3944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senhorinha F. C. F.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALGORITMI Center, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Moita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IN+\u2014Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CINAMIL\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Desenvolvimento e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o da Academia Militar, Academia Militar, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Militar, Rua Gomes Freire, 1169-203 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2566-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Kaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3428-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"METRICS, University of Minho, Alameda da Universidade, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"CEFT, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2460-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gra\u00e7a","family":"Minas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, 4806-909 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.04.001","article-title":"Microfluidics in nanoparticle drug delivery; From synthesis to pre-clinical screening","volume":"128","author":"Ahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. 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