{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T02:47:36Z","timestamp":1774579656502,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto","award":["CI-IPOP\u2013FBGEBC-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI-IPOP\u2013FBGEBC-27"]}]},{"name":"Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072678"]}]},{"name":"Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto","award":["RNCCCP.CCC-CI-IPOP-LAB3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RNCCCP.CCC-CI-IPOP-LAB3"]}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and European Regional Development Fund","award":["CI-IPOP\u2013FBGEBC-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI-IPOP\u2013FBGEBC-27"]}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and European Regional Development Fund","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072678"]}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and European Regional Development Fund","award":["RNCCCP.CCC-CI-IPOP-LAB3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RNCCCP.CCC-CI-IPOP-LAB3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Platinum-based chemotherapy is routinely used for the treatment of several cancers. Despite all the advances made in cancer research regarding this therapy and its mechanisms of action, tumor resistance remains a major concern, limiting its effectiveness. DNA methylation-based biomarkers may assist in the selection of patients that may benefit (or not) from this type of treatment and provide new targets to circumvent platinum chemoresistance, namely, through demethylating agents. We performed a systematic search of studies on biomarkers that might be predictive of platinum-based chemotherapy resistance, including in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical models and clinical studies using patient samples. DNA methylation biomarkers predictive of response to platinum remain mostly unexplored but seem promising in assisting clinicians in the generation of more personalized follow-up and treatment strategies. Improved methodologies for their detection and quantification, including non-invasively in liquid biopsies, are additional attractive features that can bring these biomarkers into clinical practice, fostering precision medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14122918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T22:00:38Z","timestamp":1655157638000},"page":"2918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Prediction of Response to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: Where Do We Stand?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8426-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno Tiago","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.CCC), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5097-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saul\u0117","family":"Gumauskait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.CCC), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6829-1391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.CCC), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4186-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Jer\u00f3nimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.CCC), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3171-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Henrique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.CCC), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobo, J., Gillis, A.J.M., van den Berg, A., Dorssers, L.C.J., Belge, G., Dieckmann, K.P., Roest, H.P., van der Laan, L.J.W., Gietema, J., and Hamilton, R.J. (2019). Identification and Validation Model for Informative Liquid Biopsy-Based microRNA Biomarkers: Insights from Germ Cell Tumor in Vitro, in Vivo and Patient-Derived Data. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121637"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2886-9","article-title":"Response biomarkers: Re-envisioning the approach to tailoring drug therapy for cancer","volume":"16","author":"Amin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2010.02.011","article-title":"Statistical consideration for clinical biomarker research in bladder cancer","volume":"28","author":"Shariat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/222385a0","article-title":"Platinum Compounds: A New Class of Potent Antitumour Agents","volume":"222","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.01.001","article-title":"Cisplatin resistance and opportunities for precision medicine","volume":"106","author":"Amable","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-7372(85)90015-5","article-title":"Preclinical studies identifying carboplatin as a viable cisplatin alternative","volume":"12","author":"Harrap","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a010489","article-title":"Two consecutive phase II studies of oxaliplatin (L-OHP) for treatment of patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma who were resistant to previous treatment with fluoropyrimidines","volume":"7","author":"Machover","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.07.025","article-title":"Cisplatin in cancer therapy: Molecular mechanisms of action","volume":"740","author":"Dasari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(01)00219-0","article-title":"Particular aspects of platinum compounds used at present in cancer treatment","volume":"42","author":"Desoize","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol.\/Hematol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"97","article-title":"Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy of Human Cancers","volume":"11","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer Sci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.07.037","article-title":"The developmental origin of cancers defines basic principles of cisplatin resistance","volume":"519","author":"Skowron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, R., Fazal, Z., Corbet, A.K., Bikorimana, E., Rodriguez, J.C., Khan, E.M., Shahid, K., Freemantle, S.J., and Spinella, M.J. (2019). Epigenetic Remodeling through Downregulation of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Mediates Chemotherapy Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11060796"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.07.044","article-title":"Guidelines on Testicular Cancer: 2015 Update","volume":"68","author":"Albers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12909","article-title":"Promoter methylation of DNA homologous recombination genes is predictive of the responsiveness to PARP inhibitor treatment in testicular germ cell tumors","volume":"15","author":"Lobo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobo, J., Gillis, A.J.M., Jeronimo, C., Henrique, R., and Looijenga, L.H.J. (2019). Human Germ Cell Tumors are Developmental Cancers: Impact of Epigenetics on Pathobiology and Clinic. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020258"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009618666180102103959","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors-clinical Implications","volume":"18","author":"Kalavska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03194-3","article-title":"Morphological and molecular heterogeneity in testicular germ cell tumors: Implications for dedicated investigations","volume":"479","author":"Lobo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1235-y","article-title":"3-weekly or weekly cisplatin concurrently with radiotherapy for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck\u2014A multicentre, retrospective analysis","volume":"14","author":"Helfenstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031644","article-title":"Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"350","author":"Arriagada","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"147","article-title":"Neoadjuvant therapy strategies for advanced gastric cancer: Current innovations and future challenges","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronic Dis. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2018.06.006","article-title":"Role of gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer: Experience over the last decade","volume":"6","author":"Goel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2006.09.006","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of resistance and toxicity associated with platinating agents","volume":"33","author":"Rabik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx360","article-title":"Long-term toxicity of cisplatin in germ-cell tumor survivors","volume":"28","author":"Chovanec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2016.1122757","article-title":"Pharmacotherapeutic options for treating adverse effects of Cisplatin chemotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Santabarbara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00637","article-title":"Testicular Cancer in the Cisplatin Era: Causes of Death and Mortality Rates in a Population-Based Cohort","volume":"39","author":"Hellesnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e478s","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2018\/e478s","article-title":"DNA repair pathways and cisplatin resistance: An intimate relationship","volume":"73","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4312","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-0311","article-title":"Copper Transporter 2 Regulates the Cellular Accumulation and Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin and Carboplatin","volume":"15","author":"Blair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14298","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162491399","article-title":"Uptake of the anticancer drug cisplatin mediated by the copper transporter Ctr1 in yeast and mammals","volume":"99","author":"Ishida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201367","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/201367","article-title":"Cellular Responses to Cisplatin-Induced DNA Damage","volume":"2010","author":"Basu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08290-2","article-title":"Differential damage and repair of DNA-adducts induced by anti-cancer drug cisplatin across mouse organs","volume":"10","author":"Yimit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00260-0","article-title":"DNA strand breaks and apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin in cancer cells","volume":"66","author":"Faivre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.5.1982","article-title":"Interstrand cross-links are preferentially formed at the d(GC) sites in the reaction between cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and DNA","volume":"88","author":"Lemaire","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4605","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.5288","article-title":"Cisplatin induces HepG2 cell cycle arrest through targeting specific long noncoding RNAs and the p53 signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"785","article-title":"Inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing by cisplatin and platinum analogs","volume":"23","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BMI.S39445","DOI":"10.4137\/BMI.S39445","article-title":"Low Doses of Cisplatin Induce Gene Alterations, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells","volume":"11","author":"Velma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomark. Insights"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1039\/C0MT00058B","article-title":"Comparative hydrolysis and plasma protein binding of cis-platin and carboplatin in human plasma in vitro","volume":"3","author":"Sooriyaarachchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.1.409","article-title":"Review of the Comparative Pharmacology and Clinical Activity of Cisplatin and Carboplatin","volume":"17","author":"Go","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0748","article-title":"The 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane Carrier Ligand in Oxaliplatin Induces p53-Dependent Transcriptional Repression of Factors Involved in Thymidylate Biosynthesis","volume":"14","author":"Kiyonari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/2001-1326-1-26","article-title":"Network insights on oxaliplatin anti-cancer mechanisms","volume":"1","author":"Alian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.9930","article-title":"Bevacizumab in Combination With Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy As First-Line Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Study","volume":"26","author":"Saltz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1287","article-title":"Oxaliplatin","volume":"3","author":"Graham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"229","article-title":"Role of oxaliplatin in the treatment of colorectal cancer","volume":"5","author":"Comella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.10.006","article-title":"Epigenetic therapy of leukemia: An update","volume":"41","author":"Jain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3708","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76507","article-title":"Targeted p16Ink4a epimutation causes tumorigenesis and reduces survival in mice","volume":"124","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2012.91","article-title":"Identification of constitutional MLH1 epimutations and promoter variants in colorectal cancer patients from the Colon Cancer Family Registry","volume":"15","author":"Ward","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019505","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019505","article-title":"Epigenetic Determinants of Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Baylin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, H., Shin, W., Lee, J., and Do, J. (2017). CpG and Non-CpG Methylation in Epigenetic Gene Regulation and Brain Function. Genes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8060148"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V70.2.412.412","article-title":"Hypermethylation of the 5\u2032 region of the calcitonin gene is a property of human lymphoid and acute myeloid malignancies","volume":"70","author":"Baylin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083558","article-title":"Induction of Tumors in Mice by Genomic Hypomethylation","volume":"300","author":"Gaudet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(97)00008-2","article-title":"Arsenic alters cytosine methylation patterns of the promoter of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in human lung cells: A model for a mechanism of carcinogenesis","volume":"386","author":"Mass","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(82)90101-4","article-title":"Heat- and alkali-induced deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine residues in DNA","volume":"697","author":"Wang","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Gene Struct. Expr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schuebel, K.E., Chen, W., Cope, L., Gl\u00f6ckner, S.C., Suzuki, H., Yi, J.-M., Chan, T.A., Neste, L.V., Criekinge, W.V., and Bosch, S.v.d. (2007). Comparing the DNA Hypermethylome with Gene Mutations in Human Colorectal Cancer. PLoS Genet., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030157"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Yang, C., Wu, C., Cui, W., and Wang, L. (2020). DNA Methyltransferases in Cancer: Biology, Paradox, Aberrations, and Targeted Therapy. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12082123"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1204","article-title":"NNMT promotes epigenetic remodeling in cancer by creating a metabolic methylation sink","volume":"9","author":"Ulanovskaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campagna, R., Pozzi, V., Sartini, D., Salvolini, E., Brisigotti, V., Molinelli, E., Campanati, A., Offidani, A., and Emanuelli, M. (2021). Beyond Nicotinamide Metabolism: Potential Role of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Biomarker in Skin Cancers. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194943"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Institute, N.C. (2022, February 20). Definition of Biomarker, Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/biomarker."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3390\/genes5030821","article-title":"DNA Methylation Biomarkers: Cancer and Beyond","volume":"5","author":"Mikeska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1309\/LM404L0HHUTWWUDD","article-title":"Clinical Laboratory Tests: Which, Why, and What Do The Results Mean?","volume":"40","author":"Wians","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i4.943","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00364","article-title":"Small Non-coding RNAs: New Class of Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disease","volume":"10","author":"Watson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-150490","article-title":"Variation, patterns, and temporal stability of DNA methylation: Considerations for epigenetic epidemiology","volume":"24","author":"Talens","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005637","article-title":"Cisplatin Resistance: A Cellular Self-Defense Mechanism Resulting from Multiple Epigenetic and Genetic Changes","volume":"64","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-019-0174-y","article-title":"Epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.166","article-title":"Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to cancer therapies","volume":"15","author":"Shaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2012.07.014","article-title":"DNA methylation based biomarkers: Practical considerations and applications","volume":"94","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1669","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of the Homeobox Gene MSX1 Associates with Platinum-Resistant Disease in High-Grade Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Bonito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurdyukov, S., and Bullock, M. (2016). DNA Methylation Analysis: Choosing the Right Method. Biology, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology5010003"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08497-x","article-title":"Development of a liquid biopsy based purely quantitative digital droplet PCR assay for detection of MLH1 promoter methylation in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3424-0","article-title":"Droplet digital PCR for detection and quantification of circulating tumor DNA in plasma of head and neck cancer patients","volume":"17","author":"Huibers","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.12.004","article-title":"The effects of DNA methylation on human psychology","volume":"346","author":"Kader","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.09.6","article-title":"Epigenetic biomarker development","volume":"1","author":"Bock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-016-1401-2","article-title":"In vitro study of human mutL homolog 1 hypermethylation in inducing drug resistance of esophageal carcinoma","volume":"186","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Irish J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"727","article-title":"Aberrant DNA methylation of T-cell leukemia, homeobox 3 modulates cisplatin sensitivity in bladder cancer","volume":"39","author":"Tada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xylinas, E., Hassler, M., Zhuang, D., Krzywinski, M., Erdem, Z., Robinson, B., Elemento, O., Clozel, T., and Shariat, S. (2016). An Epigenomic Approach to Improving Response to Neoadjuvant Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer. Biomolecules, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom6030037"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba0443","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aba0443","article-title":"GULP1 regulates the NRF2-KEAP1 signaling axis in urothelial carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Hayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-015-0248-3","article-title":"Changes in DNA methylation are associated with the development of drug resistance in cervical cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2016.1265711","article-title":"GPX3 promoter methylation predicts platinum sensitivity in colorectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Pelosof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2021.112827","article-title":"KIF18b-dependent hypomethylation of PARPBP gene promoter enhances oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer","volume":"407","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2017-0019","article-title":"Methylation of SLFN11 is a marker of poor prognosis and cisplatin resistance in colorectal cancer","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.627845","article-title":"Down-Regulation of CIDEA Promoted Tumor Growth and Contributed to Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating the JNK-p21\/Bad Signaling Pathways in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50005-6","article-title":"FGF5 methylation is a sensitivity marker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Iwabu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2017.1365207","article-title":"PAX5 gene as a novel methylation marker that predicts both clinical outcome and cisplatin sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Kurimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301113","article-title":"Integrated epigenomics identifies BMP4 as a modulator of cisplatin sensitivity in gastric cancer","volume":"62","author":"Ivanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2014.3014","article-title":"Alteration of gene expression and DNA methylation in drug-resistant gastric cancer","volume":"31","author":"Maeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subhash, V.V., Tan, S.H., Tan, W.L., Yeo, M.S., Xie, C., Wong, F.Y., Kiat, Z.Y., Lim, R., and Yong, W.P. (2015). GTSE1 expression represses apoptotic signaling and confers cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells. BMC Cancer, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1550-0"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6124","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.32511","article-title":"Methylation of SLFN11 promotes gastric cancer growth and increases gastric cancer cell resistance to cisplatin","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2725","article-title":"Global DNA methylation in fetal human germ cells and germ cell tumours: Association with differentiation and cisplatin resistance","volume":"221","author":"Wermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24772","article-title":"Role of ERCC1 promoter hypermethylation in drug resistance to cisplatin in human gliomas","volume":"126","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13479","article-title":"Hypermethylation of CSF3R is a novel cisplatin resistance marker and predictor of response to postoperative chemotherapy in hepatoblastoma","volume":"50","author":"Fujiyoshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.05.013","article-title":"GPx3 promoter hypermethylation is a frequent event in human cancer and is associated with tumorigenesis and chemotherapy response","volume":"309","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-11-0300","article-title":"Role of neurofilament light polypeptide in head and neck cancer chemoresistance","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viet, C.T., Dang, D., Achdjian, S., Ye, Y., Katz, S.G., and Schmidt, B.L. (2014). Decitabine Rescues Cisplatin Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112880"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e32833d32a6","article-title":"Metallothionein 1E is methylated in malignant melanoma and increases sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis","volume":"20","author":"Faller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11335","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1502","article-title":"Drug sensitivity prediction by CpG island methylation profile in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel","volume":"67","author":"Shen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12212","article-title":"Hypermethylation of ATP-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) is associated with cisplatin resistance in the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8903","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45785","article-title":"DNA methylation maintains the CLDN1-EPHB6-SLUG axis to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy and inhibit lung cancer progression","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Epigenetic activation of FOXF1 confers cancer stem cell properties to cisplatinresistant nonsmall cell lung cancer","volume":"56","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.454","article-title":"IGFBP-3 hypermethylation-derived deficiency mediates cisplatin resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"29","author":"Moratilla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2019.11.011","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of RIP3 Suppresses Necroptosis and Increases Resistance to Chemotherapy in NonSmall Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.28601","article-title":"Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiling reveals candidate genes associated with cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.08.065","article-title":"Cisplatin-induced downregulation of SOX1 increases drug resistance by activating autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cell","volume":"439","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-009-0681-6","article-title":"Transglutaminase 2 as a cisplatin resistance marker in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"136","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-015-0223-y","article-title":"ECRG4 acts as a tumor suppressor and as a determinant of chemotherapy resistance in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"38","author":"You","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.566","article-title":"The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57(Kip2) is epigenetically regulated in carboplatin resistance and results in collateral sensitivity to the CDK inhibitor seliciclib in ovarian cancer","volume":"106","author":"Coley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.611","article-title":"Candidate DNA methylation drivers of acquired cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer identified by methylome and expression profiling","volume":"31","author":"Zeller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24546","article-title":"Epigenetic silencing of argininosuccinate synthetase confers resistance to platinum-induced cell death but collateral sensitivity to arginine auxotrophy in ovarian cancer","volume":"125","author":"Nicholson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01568.x","article-title":"Aberrant methylation of breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene 1 in chemosensitive human ovarian cancer cells does not involve the phosphatidylinositol 3\u2032-kinase-Akt pathway","volume":"101","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2009.138","article-title":"Promoter hypermethylation of FBXO32, a novel TGF-\u03b2\/SMAD4 target gene and tumor suppressor, is associated with poor prognosis in human ovarian cancer","volume":"90","author":"Chou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01149-8","article-title":"Transcriptional epigenetic regulation of Fkbp1\/Pax9 genes is associated with impaired sensitivity to platinum treatment in ovarian cancer","volume":"13","author":"Soto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202540","article-title":"A role for methylation of the hMLH1 promoter in loss of hMLH1 expression and drug resistance in ovarian cancer","volume":"18","author":"Strathdee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2018.22.1.43","article-title":"Epigenetic modification of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase enhances cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer","volume":"22","author":"Ha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J. Physiol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"2611","article-title":"3-Oxoacid CoA transferase 1 as a therapeutic target gene for cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25083","article-title":"Epigenetic silencing of SFRP5 is related to malignant phenotype and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer through Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"127","author":"Su","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6413","article-title":"Epigenetic inactivation of the putative DNA\/RNA helicase SLFN11 in human cancer confers resistance to platinum drugs","volume":"7","author":"Nogales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.06.017","article-title":"Transmembrane protein 88 (TMEM88) promoter hypomethylation is associated with platinum resistance in ovarian cancer","volume":"142","author":"Cardenas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30860","article-title":"Tribbles 2 mediates cisplatin sensitivity and DNA damage response in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"141","author":"Kritsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"2855","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-\u03b1 promoter methylation is a biomarker for outcome prediction of cisplatin resistance in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2019.1638693","article-title":"TAp73 expression and P1 promoter methylation, a potential marker for chemoresponsiveness to cisplatin therapy and survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC)","volume":"18","author":"Bunch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009473","article-title":"TFAP2E-DKK4 and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer","volume":"366","author":"Ebert","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-014-0370-2","article-title":"Predictive value of CHFR and MLH1 methylation in human gastric cancer","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-3-16","article-title":"Role of promoter hypermethylation in Cisplatin treatment response of male germ cell tumors","volume":"3","author":"Koul","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.146","article-title":"IGFBP-3 methylation-derived deficiency mediates the resistance to cisplatin through the activation of the IGFIR\/Akt pathway in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"32","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0562-1","article-title":"Epigenomic profiling of non-small cell lung cancer xenografts uncover LRP12 DNA methylation as predictive biomarker for carboplatin resistance","volume":"10","author":"Grasse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0748-4","article-title":"Hypermethylation of mismatch repair gene hMSH2 associates with platinum-resistant disease in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"11","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01130-5","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA methylome analysis identifies methylation signatures associated with survival and drug resistance of ovarian cancers","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659254","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.659254","article-title":"Promoter Methylation of the MGRN1 Gene Predicts Prognosis and Response to Chemotherapy of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomar, T., Alkema, N.G., Schreuder, L., Meersma, G.J., de Meyer, T., van Criekinge, W., Klip, H.G., Fiegl, H., van Nieuwenhuysen, E., and Vergote, I. (2017). Methylome analysis of extreme chemoresponsive patients identifies novel markers of platinum sensitivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. BMC Med., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0870-0"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24797","article-title":"Elevated MAL expression is accompanied by promoter hypomethylation and platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1059","article-title":"Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions","volume":"12","author":"Hanahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03590-5","article-title":"C\/EBP\u03b2 enhances platinum resistance of ovarian cancer cells by reprogramming H3K79 methylation","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200358","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.200358","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer\u2014the new testament","volume":"11","author":"Senga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1754","article-title":"Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Induces Methylation Changes in Blood DNA Associated with Overall Survival in Patients with Ovarian Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Flanagan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2015.10.003","article-title":"Role of mismatch repair proteins in the processing of cisplatin interstrand cross-links","volume":"35","author":"Sawant","year":"2015","journal-title":"DNA Repair."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.2014.19.2.111","article-title":"Targeting nrf2 signaling to combat chemoresistance","volume":"19","author":"No","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2016.10.008","article-title":"Regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling: The role of epigenetics","volume":"1","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tossetta, G., Fantone, S., Montanari, E., Marzioni, D., and Goteri, G. (2022). Role of NRF2 in Ovarian Cancer. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040663"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.03.012","article-title":"Liquid Biopsy-Based Biomarkers of Treatment Response and Resistance","volume":"37","author":"Kilgour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, T., Matsuda, Y., Yamashita, S., Hattori, N., Kushima, R., Lee, Y.-C., Igaki, H., Tachimori, Y., Nagino, M., and Ushijima, T. (2013). Estimation of the Fraction of Cancer Cells in a Tumor DNA Sample Using DNA Methylation. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082302"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2013.12.020","article-title":"Challenges and prospects for biomarker research: A current perspective from the developing world","volume":"1844","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1517\/17530059.2012.718329","article-title":"Challenges in biomarker discovery: Combining expert insights with statistical analysis of complex omics data","volume":"7","author":"McDermott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Med. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-5-55","article-title":"Pathway-specific differences between tumor cell lines and normal and tumor tissue cells","volume":"5","author":"Ertel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar3247","article-title":"Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test","volume":"359","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1483","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA as Liquid Biopsy","volume":"6","author":"Pantel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605642","article-title":"Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research","volume":"102","author":"Workman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S302565","article-title":"Application of Animal Models in Cancer Research: Recent Progress and Future Prospects","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.08.020","article-title":"Epi-drugs to fight cancer: From chemistry to cancer treatment, the road ahead","volume":"41","author":"Mai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2012.09.004","article-title":"Trials with \u2018epigenetic\u2019 drugs: An update","volume":"6","author":"Nebbioso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-015-2813-9","article-title":"Phase I study of combination of vorinostat, carboplatin, and gemcitabine in women with recurrent, platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer","volume":"76","author":"Matulonis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-3946","article-title":"Phase I Trial of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor Guadecitabine Combined with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine for Solid Malignancies Including Urothelial Carcinoma (SPIRE)","volume":"27","author":"Crabb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/12\/2918\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:30:40Z","timestamp":1760139040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/12\/2918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers14122918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14122918","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]}}}