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Superior","award":["CERN\/FISTEC\/0003\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CERN\/FISTEC\/0003\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["PTDC\/EME-TED\/3099\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EME-TED\/3099\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["HEALTH-UNORTE I&D&I project (NORTE-01\u20130145-FEDER-000039)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH-UNORTE I&D&I project (NORTE-01\u20130145-FEDER-000039)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Despite recent advances in the treatment of this pathology, which include a personalized approach using radio- and chemotherapies in combination with advanced surgical techniques, it is imperative to enhance the performance of these treatments and decrease their detrimental side effects on patients\u2019 health. Nanomedicine is likely the pathway towards solving this challenge by enhancing both the therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities. In particular, plasmonic nanoparticles show remarkable potential due to their dual therapeutic functionalities as photothermal therapy agents and as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. Their dual functionality, high biocompatibility, easy functionalization, and targeting capabilities make them potential agents for inducing efficient cancer cell death with minimal side effects. This review aims to identify the main challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The heterogeneous nature of this cancer is also discussed from a single-cell point of view. The most relevant works in photo- and radiotherapy using nanotechnology-based therapies for colorectal cancer are addressed, ranging from in vitro studies (2D and 3D cell cultures) to in vivo studies and clinical trials. Although the results using nanoparticles as a photo- and radiosensitizers in photo- and radiotherapy are promising, preliminary studies showed that the possibility of combining both therapies must be explored to improve the treatment efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15020383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T04:47:08Z","timestamp":1673239628000},"page":"383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["New Frontiers in Colorectal Cancer Treatment Combining Nanotechnology with Photo- and Radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sara C.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP-Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics of University of Porto, LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5247-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioingenier\u00eda e Ingenier\u00eda Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1996-768X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Caspani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP-Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics of University of Porto, LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1341-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP-Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics of University of Porto, LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8069-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Llanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6437-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Granja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0736-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salette","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0010-1568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Horta","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP-Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics of University of Porto, LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2918-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorectal Surgery\u2014Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Bras\u00edlia, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8683-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Victoria","family":"G\u00f3mez-Gaviro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioingenier\u00eda e Ingenier\u00eda Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia Tavares de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP-Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics of University of Porto, LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, C\/ Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101174","article-title":"Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040","volume":"14","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. 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