{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T14:28:46Z","timestamp":1775658526832,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cSexHealth &amp; Prostate Cancer, Psychobiological Determinants of Sexual Health in Men with Prostate Cancer\u201d","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000057"]}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe program","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000057"]}]},{"name":"Norte 2020","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000057"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm with the highest worldwide incidence in men aged 50 years and older. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbial dysbiosis may promote chronic inflammation linked to the development of PCa. Therefore, this study aims to compare the microbiota composition and diversity in urine, glans swabs, and prostate biopsies between men with PCa and non-PCa men. Microbial communities profiling was assessed through 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that \u03b1-diversity (number and abundance of genera) was lower in prostate and glans, and higher in urine from patients with PCa, compared to non-PCa patients. The different genera of the bacterial community found in urine was significantly different in PCa patients compared to non-PCa patients, but they did not differ in glans and prostate. Moreover, comparing the bacterial communities present in the three different samples, urine and glans show a similar genus composition. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed significantly higher levels of the genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Peptoniphilus, Negativicoccus, Actinomyces, Propionimicrobium, and Facklamia in urine of PCa patients, whereas Methylobacterium\/Methylorubrum, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia were more abundant in the non-PCa patients. In glans, the genus Stenotrophomonas was enriched in PCa subjects, while Peptococcus was more abundant in non-PCa subjects. In prostate, Alishewanella, Paracoccus, Klebsiella, and Rothia were the overrepresented genera in the PCa group, while Actinomyces, Parabacteroides, Muribaculaceae sp., and Prevotella were overrepresented in the non-PCa group. These findings provide a strong background for the development of potential biomarkers with clinical interest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T01:37:52Z","timestamp":1677202672000},"page":"1423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Microbiota of Urine, Glans and Prostate Biopsies in Patients with Prostate Cancer Reveals a Dysbiosis in the Genitourinary System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2295-3374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micael F. M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Pina-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8963-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela Rita","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4839-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Cardiovascular R&D Centre\u2014UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos Martins","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ac\u00e1cio Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research\/Rede de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (CINTESIS\/RISE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8247-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Lisboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research\/Rede de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (CINTESIS\/RISE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). 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