{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T18:57:15Z","timestamp":1774637835395,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the early 2000s, the introduction of single-camera wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) redefined small bowel study. Progress continued with the development of double-camera devices, first for the colon and rectum, and then, for panenteric assessment. Advancements continued with magnetic capsule endoscopy (MCE), particularly when assisted by a robotic arm, designed to enhance gastric evaluation. Indeed, as CE provides full visualization of the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract, a minimally invasive capsule panendoscopy (CPE) could be a feasible alternative, despite its time-consuming nature and learning curve, assuming appropriate bowel cleansing has been carried out. Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the development of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for CE auxiliary reading (detecting and diagnosing), may provide the missing link in fulfilling the goal of establishing the use of panendoscopy, although prospective studies are still needed to validate these models in actual clinical scenarios. Recent CE advancements will be discussed, focusing on the current evidence on CNN developments, and their real-life implementation potential and associated ethical challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15245861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T08:12:57Z","timestamp":1702627977000},"page":"5861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Future of Minimally Invasive Capsule Panendoscopy: Robotic Precision, Wireless Imaging and AI-Driven Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-047 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0484-4804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-047 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-047 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-047 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9427-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-047 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5890-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-047 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-047 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helder","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-047 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-065 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DigestAID\u2014Digestive Artificial Intelligence Development, 455\/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9387-9872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, 4200-047 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/35013140","article-title":"Wireless capsule 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