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Carbon-based nanomaterials such as CDs have been gaining prominence for their unique characteristics, opening avenues for diverse applications such as fluorescence imaging, drug and gene transport, controlled drug delivery, medical diagnosis, and biosensing. Despite promising advancements in research, it remains imperative to scrutinize the properties and potential cytotoxicity of newly developed CDs, ensuring their viability for these applications. Methods: We synthesized four N-doped CDs through a hydrothermal method. Cell viability assays were conducted on A549 and UM-UC-5 cancer cells at a range of concentrations and incubation times, both individually and with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Results: The obtained results suggest that the newly developed CDs exhibit suitability for applications such as bioimaging, as no significant impact on cell viability was observed for CDs alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16193332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:45:27Z","timestamp":1727675127000},"page":"3332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Safety Evaluation of Carbon Dots in UM-UC-5 and A549 Cells for Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9152-7865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla M.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Environment, and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5370-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduarda","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6549-7802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Environment, and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8478-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Esteves da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Environment, and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1283-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5647-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pinto da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Geosciences, Environment, and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, October 24). 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