{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:33:41Z","timestamp":1760146421376,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CESPU\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Univer-sit\u00e1rio Crl","award":["AntiMitoSphere_APSFCT_IINFACTS_2021","Flav4Tumor-GI2-CESPU- 2022","SGA4Cancer-GI2-CESPU-2022","upPTXovcar-GI2-CESPU-2022","BeatCancer-GI2-CESPU-2023","BD\/CBAS\/CESPU\/01\/2020","2022.09451.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AntiMitoSphere_APSFCT_IINFACTS_2021","Flav4Tumor-GI2-CESPU- 2022","SGA4Cancer-GI2-CESPU-2022","upPTXovcar-GI2-CESPU-2022","BeatCancer-GI2-CESPU-2023","BD\/CBAS\/CESPU\/01\/2020","2022.09451.BD"]}]},{"name":"CESPU","award":["AntiMitoSphere_APSFCT_IINFACTS_2021","Flav4Tumor-GI2-CESPU- 2022","SGA4Cancer-GI2-CESPU-2022","upPTXovcar-GI2-CESPU-2022","BeatCancer-GI2-CESPU-2023","BD\/CBAS\/CESPU\/01\/2020","2022.09451.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AntiMitoSphere_APSFCT_IINFACTS_2021","Flav4Tumor-GI2-CESPU- 2022","SGA4Cancer-GI2-CESPU-2022","upPTXovcar-GI2-CESPU-2022","BeatCancer-GI2-CESPU-2023","BD\/CBAS\/CESPU\/01\/2020","2022.09451.BD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["AntiMitoSphere_APSFCT_IINFACTS_2021","Flav4Tumor-GI2-CESPU- 2022","SGA4Cancer-GI2-CESPU-2022","upPTXovcar-GI2-CESPU-2022","BeatCancer-GI2-CESPU-2023","BD\/CBAS\/CESPU\/01\/2020","2022.09451.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AntiMitoSphere_APSFCT_IINFACTS_2021","Flav4Tumor-GI2-CESPU- 2022","SGA4Cancer-GI2-CESPU-2022","upPTXovcar-GI2-CESPU-2022","BeatCancer-GI2-CESPU-2023","BD\/CBAS\/CESPU\/01\/2020","2022.09451.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is among the most common cancer types globally, with its incidence expected to increase significantly in the coming years. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the predominant subtype, exhibits significant heterogeneity and resistance to treatment. Current therapies, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, often result in poor outcomes for advanced stages. Cetuximab, an EGFR inhibitor, is widely used but faces limitations. This study explores the combined inhibition of EGFR and mitotic proteins to enhance treatment efficacy. Methods: We analyzed the effects of co-treating OSCC cells with small molecules targeting MPS-1 (BAY1217389), Aurora-B (Barasertib), or KSP (Ispinesib), alongside Cetuximab. The rationale is based on targeting EGFR-mediated survival pathways and the mitotic checkpoint, addressing multiple cell cycle phases and reducing resistance. Results: Our findings indicate that inhibiting MPS-1, Aurora-B, or KSP enhances Cetuximab\u2019s therapeutic potential, promoting increased cancer cell death. Additionally, we examined EGFR, MPS-1, Aurora-B, and KSP expression in OSCC patient samples, revealing their clinicopathologic significance. Conclusions: This combinatorial approach suggests a promising strategy to improve treatment outcomes in OSCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16223732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T06:30:48Z","timestamp":1730788248000},"page":"3732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Targeting the EGFR and Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Pathways in Oral Cancer: A Plausible Alliance to Enhance Cell Death"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9578-3372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Calheiros-Lobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4455-4286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. N.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leonor","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Pathology Department, INNO Servi\u00e7os Especializados em Veterin\u00e1ria, 4710-503 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8938-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, University Institute of Health Sciences\u2014CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0694-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia M. A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences\u2014CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-5779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Bousbaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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