{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:37:52Z","timestamp":1767706672677,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming pancreaticobiliary endoscopy by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, procedural efficiency, and clinical outcomes. This narrative review explores AI\u2019s applications in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), emphasizing its potential to address diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in pancreaticobiliary diseases. In EUS, AI improves pancreatic mass differentiation, malignancy prediction, and landmark recognition, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy and outperforming traditional guidelines. In ERCP, AI facilitates precise biliary stricture identification, optimizes procedural techniques, and supports decision-making through real-time data integration, improving ampulla recognition and predicting cannulation difficulty. Additionally, predictive analytics help mitigate complications like post-ERCP pancreatitis. The future of AI in pancreaticobiliary endoscopy lies in multimodal data fusion, integrating imaging, genomic, and molecular data to enable personalized medicine. However, challenges such as data quality, external validation, clinician training, and ethical concerns\u2014like data privacy and algorithmic bias\u2014must be addressed to ensure safe implementation. By overcoming these challenges, AI has the potential to redefine pancreaticobiliary healthcare, improving diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic outcomes, and personalized care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17071132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T03:35:28Z","timestamp":1743132928000},"page":"1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unlocking the Potential of AI in EUS and ERCP: A Narrative Review for Pancreaticobiliary Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Catarina Cardoso","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Frias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5890-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9387-9872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12822","article-title":"eDoctor: Machine learning and the future of medicine","volume":"284","author":"Handelman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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