{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:43:29Z","timestamp":1778255009264,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05704\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05704\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/05704\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/05704\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/05704\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05704\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/05704\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/05704\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of female mortality worldwide, but significant racial and socioeconomic disparities persist in disease outcomes. This review aimed to analyze racial and socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and survival from breast cancer, identifying the impact of social risk factors on access to diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Eighteen studies published between 2014 and 2024 were included, with 11 contributing to the meta-analysis. Random-effect models were used to assess correlations between socioeconomic status, race, and clinical outcomes, including heterogeneity and publication bias analyses. Results: The strongest associations were observed between income, race, and breast cancer survival, with survival significantly worse among Black women and low-income populations (p &lt; 0.001). Income also showed a strong positive correlation with clinical outcomes. In contrast, the overall effect on mortality was not statistically significant (p = 0.290), likely due to high heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 100%). These findings suggest that structural disparities in access to healthcare and early detection substantially affect survival rates. Conclusions: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer outcomes remain critical public health challenges. Targeted policies to expand early diagnosis and ensure equitable access to effective treatment are essential to reduce these disparities and improve survival in underserved populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17101641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T03:59:26Z","timestamp":1747108766000},"page":"1641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Racial and Socioeconomic Disparity in Breast Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6242-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena Fiats","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fernando Castilho","family":"Pelloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Municipal Health Department, Curitiba 80060-130, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3469-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Sousa da","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nurse Center, State University of Maring\u00e1\u2014UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1724-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Wohlenberg","family":"Camparoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria Dalva de Barros","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Vlaudimir Dias","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Mari\u00e1 Romanio","family":"Bitencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1872-8246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kely Paviani","family":"Stevanato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Pedro Beraldo","family":"Borba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UNIMAR\u2014University of Marilia, S\u00e3o Paulo 17525-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Deise Helena Pelloso","family":"Borghesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic College of Mato Grosso, V\u00e1rzea Grande 78070-200, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7533-1432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Ac\u00e1cio","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Jacinto","family":"Alarc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Roberto Kenji Nakamura","family":"Cuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Isabella Morais Tavares","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Inga University Center\u2014Uning\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87035-510, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9102-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia Edilaine Lopes","family":"Consolaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0057-2335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constanza","family":"Pujals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua das Olhalvas, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of \u00c9vora, 7000-801 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00edssa Bocchi","family":"Pedroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Sandra Marisa","family":"Pelloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, State University of Maring\u00e1-UEM, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2025, February 25). 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