{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:04:29Z","timestamp":1775174669078,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"F.Hoffmann-LaRoche AG"},{"name":"Foundation Medicine Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Soft\u00a0tissue sarcomas (STSs) histopathological classification system and the clinical and molecular-based tools that are currently employed to estimate its prognosis have several limitations, impacting prognostication and treatment. Clinically driven molecular profiling studies may cover these gaps and offer alternative tools with superior prognostication capability and enhanced precision and personalized treatment approaches identification ability. Materials and Methods\/Results: We performed DNA sequencing (DNA-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to portray the molecular profile of 102 samples of high-grade STS, comprising the three most common STS histotypes. The analysis of RNA-seq data using unsupervised machine learning models revealed previously unknown molecular patterns, identifying four transcriptomic subtypes\/clusters (TCs). This TC-based classification has a clear prognostic value (in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)), a finding that was externally validated using independent patient cohorts. The prognostic value of this TC-based classification outperforms the prognostic accuracy of clinical-based (SARCULATOR nomograms) and molecular-based (CINSARC) prognostication tools, being one of the first molecular-based classifications capable of predicting OS in STS. The analysis of DNA-seq data from the same cohort revealed numerous and, in some cases, never documented molecular targets for precision treatment across different transcriptomic subtypes. The functional and predictive value of each genomic variant was analyzed using the Molecular Tumor Board Portal. Conclusions:\u00a0This newly identified TC-based classification offers a superior prognostic value when compared with current gold-standard clinical and molecular-based prognostication tools, and identifies novel molecular targets for precision treatment, representing a cutting-edge tool for predicting prognosis and guiding treatment across different stages of STS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17172861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1756735366000},"page":"2861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transcriptomic-Based Classification Identifies Prognostic Subtypes and Therapeutic Strategies in Soft Tissue Sarcomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-7341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Esperan\u00e7a-Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-190 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Vasques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-190 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"General Surgery Department, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2287-5786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Sokolov","family":"Ravasqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores\u2013Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento (INESC-ID), 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Manuel","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Department, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6413-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge Antonio","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F. Hoffmann-LaRoche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Richard S. P.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation Medicine Inc., Boston, MA 02141, USA"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-190 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Gallego-Paez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-190 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Abecasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-190 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"General Surgery Department, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9967-5205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores\u2013Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento (INESC-ID), 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4032-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital CUF Descobertas, 1998-018 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"EpiDoC, CHRC, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-190 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.6766","article-title":"Triassic Cancer\u2014Osteosarcoma in a 240-Million-Year-Old Stem-Turtle","volume":"5","author":"Haridy","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.07.006","article-title":"Soft tissue and visceral sarcomas: ESMO-EURACAN-GENTURIS Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(\u2729)","volume":"32","author":"Gronchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.08.1995","article-title":"Bone sarcomas: ESMO-EURACAN-GENTURIS-ERN PaedCan Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Strauss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_205423","article-title":"More Than 50 Subtypes of Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Paving the Path for Histology-Driven Treatments","volume":"38","author":"Katz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. Educ. Book"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connolly, E.A., Grimison, P.S., Horvath, L.G., Robinson, P.J., and Reddel, R.R. (2023). Quantitative proteomic studies addressing unmet clinical needs in sarcoma. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1126736"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"416","article-title":"Molecular classification of soft tissue sarcomas and its clinical applications","volume":"3","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Lugowska, I., Blay, J.-Y., and Gelderblom, H. (2020). Sarcoma & GIST Plus Cancer of Unknown Primary Site: Essentials for Clinicians, ESMO Press."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lurkin, A., Ducimeti\u00e8re, F., Vince, D.R., Decouvelaere, A.-V., Cellier, D., Gilly, F.N., Salameire, D., Biron, P., de Laroche, G., and Blay, J.Y. (2010). Epidemiological evaluation of concordance between initial diagnosis and central pathology review in a comprehensive and prospective series of sarcoma patients in the Rhone-Alpes region. BMC Cancer, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-150"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11020","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.11020","article-title":"Pathologic discordance in sarcomas: Prospective comparison of external and sarcoma center pathologic diagnosis","volume":"37","author":"Eckardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686902","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/686902","article-title":"Histopathological Diagnostic Discrepancies in Soft Tissue Tumours Referred to a Specialist Centre: Reassessment in the Era of Ancillary Molecular Diagnosis","volume":"2014","author":"Thway","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sarcoma"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9810170","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9810170","article-title":"Diagnostic Differences in Expert Second-Opinion Consultation Cases at a Tertiary Sarcoma Center","volume":"2020","author":"Rupani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sarcoma"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"119","article-title":"Discordance of Histo-pathological Diagnosis of Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma Referred to Tertiary Care Center","volume":"4","author":"Rastogi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Care"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.09.1210","article-title":"1981P Histopathological diagnostic discrepancies in bone and soft tissue tumors referred to a specialist sarcoma center and its clinical impact","volume":"34","author":"Kawai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0384","article-title":"Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Alters Clinical Diagnoses in a Significant Fraction of Tumors Suspicious of Sarcoma","volume":"30","author":"Wallander","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30496-0","article-title":"Clinical genomic profiling in the management of patients with soft tissue and bone sarcoma","volume":"13","author":"Gounder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schipper, L.J., Monkhorst, K., Samsom, K.G., Bosch, L.J., Snaebjornsson, P., van Boven, H., Roepman, P., van der Kolk, L.E., van Houdt, W.J., and van der Graaf, W.T. (2022). Clinical Impact of Prospective Whole Genome Sequencing in Sarcoma Patients. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14020436"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/cjp2.174","article-title":"Sarcoma and the 100,000 Genomes Project: Our experience and changes to practice","volume":"6","author":"Prendergast","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13973","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-05179-y","article-title":"Implementing precision oncology for sarcoma patients: The CCC(LMU)molecular tumor board experience","volume":"149","author":"Berclaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-021-00157-4","article-title":"Predictive and prognostic transcriptomic biomarkers in soft tissue sarcomas","volume":"5","author":"Merry","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Z., Jin, Z., Zhang, H., Zhang, M., and Sun, D. (2020). Integrative Clustering Reveals a Novel Subtype of Soft Tissue Sarcoma with Poor Prognosis. Front. Genet., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00069"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, Z., Sun, W., Xu, Y., Liu, W., Zhong, J., Lin, X., and Chen, Y. (2022). Application of Multi-Omics Approach in Sarcomas: A Tool for Studying Mechanism, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.946022"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, T., and Bui, N.Q. (2023). The Next Frontier in Sarcoma: Molecular Pathways and Associated Targeted Therapies. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061692"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.3747","article-title":"Outcome Prediction in Primary Resected Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Histology-Specific Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival Nomograms Built on Major Sarcoma Center Data Sets","volume":"31","author":"Gronchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22703","article-title":"CINSARC signature as a prognostic marker for clinical outcome in sarcomas and beyond","volume":"58","author":"Chibon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12268","article-title":"Gene expression profiling improves prognostication by nomogram in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas","volume":"42","author":"Michot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milbury, C.A., Creeden, J., Yip, W.-K., Smith, D.L., Pattani, V., Maxwell, K., Sawchyn, B., Gjoerup, O., Meng, W., and Skoletsky, J. (2022). Clinical and analytical validation of FoundationOne\u00aeCDx, a comprehensive genomic profiling assay for solid tumors. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264138"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Sun, D., Huang, R.S.P., and Green, M. (2023, January 14\u201318). Analytical Validation of FoundationOne RNA Assay For Fusion Detection In 189 Clinical Tumor Specimens. Proceedings of the AMP 2023, Salt Lake City, UT, USA."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gkaf018","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf018","article-title":"edgeR v4: Powerful differential analysis of sequencing data with expanded functionality and improved support for small counts and larger datasets","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq170","article-title":"ConsensusClusterPlus: A class discovery tool with confidence assessments and item tracking","volume":"26","author":"Wilkerson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0969-2","article-title":"Support systems to guide clinical decision-making in precision oncology: The Cancer Core Europe Molecular Tumor Board Portal","volume":"26","author":"Tamborero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Therneau, T.M., and Grambsch, P.M. (2000). Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3294-8"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2017). Comprehensive and integrated genomic characterization of adult soft tissue sarcomas. Cell, 171, 950\u2013965."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"123","article-title":"Correlation Tool (CorTo): A simple R package to infer correlation networks using Data Processing Inequality (DPI)","volume":"1","author":"Mercatelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"biorXiv"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5282","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-0512","article-title":"A Global and Integrated Analysis of CINSARC-Associated Genetic Defects","volume":"80","author":"Lesluyes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Yang, K., Sun, T., and Tang, R. (2021). Development and validation of prognostic markers in sarcomas base on a multi-omics analysis. BMC Med. Genom., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-021-00876-4"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12525-7","article-title":"Integrated molecular characterization of chondrosarcoma reveals critical determinants of disease progression","volume":"10","author":"Nicolle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24677-6","article-title":"Lineage-defined leiomyosarcoma subtypes emerge years before diagnosis and determine patient survival","volume":"12","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7557","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8557","article-title":"Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis defines novel molecular subgroups in rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"6","author":"Seki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45306-y","article-title":"Proteomic characterization identifies clinically relevant subgroups of soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16863","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202216863","article-title":"Unravelling homologous recombination repair deficiency and therapeutic opportunities in soft tissue and bone sarcoma","volume":"15","author":"Hagedorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00319-2","article-title":"Afamitresgene autoleucel for advanced synovial sarcoma and myxoid round cell liposarcoma (SPEARHEAD-1): An international, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"403","author":"Araujo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.10.024","article-title":"Cancer testis antigens in sarcoma: Expression, function and immunotherapeutic application","volume":"479","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002072","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002072","article-title":"Targeting cancer testis antigens in synovial sarcoma","volume":"9","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"13","article-title":"SSX antigens as tumor vaccine targets in human sarcoma","volume":"3","author":"Ayyoub","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Immun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-1578(10)60545-4","article-title":"Quantification of SSX mRNA Expression in Human Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Using Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification","volume":"7","author":"Naka","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"559","article-title":"The Expression of MAGE and SSX, and Correlation of COX2, VEGF, and Survivin in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"32","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1507600","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1507600","article-title":"PRAME and HLA Class I expression patterns make synovial sarcoma a suitable target for PRAME specific T-cell receptor gene therapy","volume":"7","author":"Luk","year":"2018","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, W.C., Da Costa, M.E.M., Godefroy, K., Jacquet, E., Gragert, L., Rondof, W., Marchais, A., Nhiri, N., Dalfovo, D., and Viard, M. (2024). Divergent HLA variations and heterogeneous expression but recurrent HLA loss-of- heterozygosity and common HLA-B and TAP transcriptional silencing across advanced pediatric solid cancers. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1265469"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-3200","article-title":"Biological Consequences of MHC-II Expression by Tumor Cells in Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Axelrod","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Napolitano, A., Ostler, A.E., Jones, R.L., and Huang, P.H. (2021). Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Signaling in GIST and Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061533"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grizzi, G., Venetis, K., Denaro, N., Bonomi, M., Celotti, A., Pagkali, A., Hahne, J.C., Tomasello, G., Petrelli, F., and Fusco, N. (2023). Anti-Claudin Treatments in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Mainstream and Upcoming Strategies. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082973"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hana, C., Dar, N.N.T., Venegas, M.G., and Vulfovich, M. (2024). Claudins in Cancer: A Current and Future Therapeutic Target. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094634"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000394","article-title":"Claudin-4 Expression is Associated with Survival in Ovarian Cancer But Not with Chemotherapy Response","volume":"37","author":"Malander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujiwara-Tani, R., Mori, S., Ogata, R., Sasaki, R., Ikemoto, A., Kishi, S., Kondoh, M., and Kuniyasu, H. (2023). Claudin-4: A New Molecular Target for Epithelial Cancer Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065494"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3648","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30040278","article-title":"Staging Systems and Nomograms for Soft Tissue Sarcoma","volume":"30","author":"Danieli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-3629","article-title":"Impact of Biomarker-Matched Therapies on Outcomes in Patients with Sarcoma Enrolled in Early-Phase Clinical Trials (SAMBA 101)","volume":"29","author":"Pestana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06054-z","article-title":"Pan-cancer whole-genome comparison of primary and metastatic solid tumours","volume":"618","author":"Movasati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/17\/2861\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:36:23Z","timestamp":1760034983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/17\/2861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers17172861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17172861","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]}}}