{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T01:40:57Z","timestamp":1778031657166,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johnson and Johnson Innovative Medicine Portugal","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is a lethal cancer with limited therapeutic options. Advances in genomic and transcriptomic research have deepened the understanding of mUC biology, leading to the identification of clinically relevant molecular alterations that represent potential actionable targets. This has broadened the treatment landscape of the disease to include novel agents, such as antibody\u2013drug conjugates (e.g., enfortumab vedotin) and targeted therapies, including the pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor erdafitinib. Genomic alterations in FGFR3 are well-established oncogenic drivers in bladder cancer and represent predictive biomarkers of response to FGFR-targeted therapies. The phase III THOR trial demonstrated the clinical benefit of erdafitinib in previously treated mUC patients harboring FGFR3 alterations and supported its subsequent approval by the European Medicines Agency. In this context, accurate molecular profiling is essential to guide patient selection for FGFR inhibitor therapy. Equally important is the standardization and timely implementation of FGFR3 testing in clinical practice to optimize treatment planning. This review addresses key considerations in FGFR3 testing in mUC and discusses how it can be routinely incorporated into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18030444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T16:08:17Z","timestamp":1769702897000},"page":"444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["FGFR Testing in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma\u2014Who, When, and How to Test"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Mansinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"START Lisbon, Hospital de Santa Maria, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"GIMM\u2013Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4741-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-528 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Urology and Transplantation Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Moreira Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital da Luz, 1500-650 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Beatriz \u00c2ngelo, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Vau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urologic Oncology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6140-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ramalho-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Lagoas Park, 2740-262 Porto Salvo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4896-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel R.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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