{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T22:37:38Z","timestamp":1777329458725,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/QUI-QOR\/0490\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-QOR\/0490\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00100\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Catalysts"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sustainable synthesis of pharmaceuticals is one of the main challenges for the pharmaceutical industry. Production of these compounds from plastic waste can provide an innovative and ecological approach to their sustainable synthesis. In this context, plastic waste can be regarded as a potential cheap resource for the production of compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. In this work, the first methodologies for the reductive depolymerization of poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) plastic waste are reported using the catalyst systems MoO2Cl2(H2O)2\/silane, MoO2Cl2(H2O)2\/borane and KOH\/PhSiH3 with moderate to excellent yields. We also developed the first synthetic strategy for the synthesis of a drug, the anticancer busulfan, from P4HB and PBS plastic waste with moderate overall yields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/catal12040381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:40:14Z","timestamp":1648590014000},"page":"381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Depolymerization of P4HB and PBS Waste and Synthesis of the Anticancer Drug Busulfan from Plastic Waste"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4225-4247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5919-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-021-00648-4","article-title":"Chemical and Biological Catalysis for Plastics Deconstruction, Recycling, and Upcycling","volume":"4","author":"Ellis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4152","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202100874","article-title":"Current Developments in the Chemical Upcycling of Waste Plastics Using Alternative Energy Sources","volume":"14","author":"Estahbanati","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beghetto, V., Sole, R., Buranello, C., Al-Abkal, M., and Facchin, M. (2021). Recent Advancements in Plastic Packaging Recycling: A Mini-Review. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14174782"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsc.2021.100547","article-title":"Reductive depolymerization of plastics catalyzed with transition metal complexes","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2021.100514","article-title":"Upcycling and catalytic degradation of plastic wastes","volume":"2","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202101631","article-title":"Utilization of Plastic Wastes for Sustainable Environmental Management: A Review","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202100652","article-title":"Waste to Wealth: Chemical Recycling and Chemical Upcycling of Waste Plastics for a Great Future","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4103","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202100752","article-title":"Biotechnology of Plastic Waste Degradation, Recycling, and Valorization: Current Advances and Future Perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202002666","article-title":"Biocatalysis in the Recycling Landscape for Synthetic Polymers and Plastics towards Circular Textiles","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao, Y., Jouanne, A.v., and Yokochi, A. (2021). Current Technologies in Depolymerization Process and the Road Ahead. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13030449"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Chemical Recycling of PLA: A Review","volume":"1","author":"McKeown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sus. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.106867","article-title":"From plastic waste to wealth using chemical recycling: A Review","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1039\/C8PY01284A","article-title":"Organocatalysis for depolymerization","volume":"10","author":"Sardon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2018.10.011","article-title":"Toward Infinitely Recyclable Plastics Derived from Renewable Cyclic Esters","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1039\/C7GC01496A","article-title":"Chemically Recyclable Polymers: A Circular Economy Approach to Sustainability","volume":"19","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7330","DOI":"10.1039\/D1GC01634B","article-title":"Reductive Depolymerization as an Efficient Methodology for the Conversion of Plastic Waste into Value-added Compounds","volume":"23","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4884","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cc00541d","article-title":"Controlled Hydrogenative Depolymerization of Polyesters and Polycarbonates Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II) PNN Pincer Complexes","volume":"50","author":"Krall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10851","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201500907","article-title":"On the Functional Group Tolerance of Ester Hydrogenation and Polyester Depolymerisation Catalysed by Ruthenium Complexes of Tridentate Aminophosphine Ligands","volume":"21","author":"Fuentes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat9669","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat9669","article-title":"Molecular catalyst systems as key enablers for tailored polyesters and polycarbonate recycling concepts","volume":"4","author":"Westhues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201500054","article-title":"Room Temperature Organocatalyzed Reductive Depolymerization of Waste Polyethers, Polyesters, and Polycarbonates","volume":"8","author":"Feghali","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10481","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b01842","article-title":"Depolymerization of Waste Plastics to Monomers and Chemicals Using a Hydrosilylation Strategy Facilitated by Brookhart\u2019s Iridium(III) Catalyst","volume":"6","author":"Monsigny","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.201900292","article-title":"General and Phosphine-Free Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Esters to Alcohols","volume":"37","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201810605","article-title":"Base-Free Iron Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Esters Using EtOH as Hydrogen Source","volume":"58","author":"Wozniak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC04206G","article-title":"Dioxomolybdenum Complex as an Efficient and Cheap Catalyst for the Reductive Depolymerization of Plastic Waste into Value-added Compounds and Fuels","volume":"22","author":"Nunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202100130","article-title":"Reductive Depolymerization of Plastic Waste Catalyzed by Zn(OAc)2\u22c52H2O","volume":"14","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, A.C. (2020). Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Compounds from Biomass Derivatives. Methodologies in Amine Synthesis. Challenges and Applications, Wiley-VCH.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527826186.ch9"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.9b00781","article-title":"From Wood to Tetrahydro-2-benzazepines in Three Waste-Free Steps: Modular Synthesis of Biologically Active Lignin-Derived Scaffolds","volume":"5","author":"Elangovan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC00915E","article-title":"One-pot Synthesis of Amines from Biomass Resources Catalyzed by HReO4","volume":"20","author":"Caetano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC01343H","article-title":"Direct Synthesis of \u03b1-Aminophosphonates from Biomass Resources Catalyzed by HReO4","volume":"20","author":"Isca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.6b05057","article-title":"Product Distribution Control for Glucosamine Condensation: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Investigation Substantiated by Density Functional Calculations","volume":"56","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1039\/C7GC00578D","article-title":"One-pot Synthesis of 2-Hydroxymethyl-5-methylpyrazine from Renewable 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1039\/C3GC42436G","article-title":"Direct Conversion of Chitin into a N-containing Furan Derivative","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Busulfan","volume":"28","author":"Buggia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03231.x","article-title":"DNA Intrastrand Cross-link at the 5\u2032-GA-3\u2032 Sequence Formed by Busulfan and its Role in the Cytotoxic Effect","volume":"95","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2174\/157488608783333899","article-title":"Busulfan Use in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Pharmacology, Dose Adjustment, Safety and Efficacy in Adults and Children","volume":"3","author":"Krivoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2017.1360277","article-title":"Clarifying Busulfan Metabolism and Drug Interactions to Support New Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Strategies: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"13","author":"Myers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiri, P., Ramezanpour, S., Amani, A.M., and Dehaen, W. (2022). A patent review on efficient strategies for the total synthesis of pazopanib, regorafenib and lenvatinib as novel anti-angiogenesis receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Mol. Divers., 1\u201322.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-022-10406-8"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Small-Molecule Anti-Cancer Drugs From 2016 to 2020: Synthesis and Clinical Application","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2174\/138527212798993158","article-title":"High Valent Oxo-Molybdenum Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for C-X Bond Forming Reactions","volume":"16","author":"Noronha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.201700807","article-title":"Direct Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Catalyzed by Oxomolybdenum Complexes","volume":"2","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201600441","article-title":"Highly Efficient Deoxygenation of Aryl Ketones to Arylalkanes Catalyzed by Dioxidomolybdenum Complexes","volume":"2016","author":"Sousa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201500560","article-title":"Dioxomolybdenum Complexes as Excellent Catalysts for the Deoxygenation of Aryl Ketones to Aryl Alkenes","volume":"7","author":"Fernandes","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201301057","article-title":"Oxo-Rhenium(V) Complexes Containing Heterocycling Ligands as Catalysts for the Reduction of Sulfoxides","volume":"2014","author":"Sousa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC00184E","article-title":"Reductive Depolymerization of Polyesters and Polycarbonates with Hydroboranes by Using a Lanthanum(III) tris(amide) Catalyst","volume":"58","author":"Kobylarski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9758","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cc45930f","article-title":"Facile and efficient KOH-Catalysed Reduction of Esters and Tertiary Amides","volume":"49","author":"Manzini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(02)01434-2","article-title":"Addition compounds of dichlorodioxomolybdenum(VI) with sulfoxides. Molecular structure of [MoO2Cl2(Me2SO)2]","volume":"347","author":"Aguado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Catalysts"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4344\/12\/4\/381\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:46:00Z","timestamp":1760136360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4344\/12\/4\/381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["catal12040381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/catal12040381","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4344"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4344","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]}}}