{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T18:17:45Z","timestamp":1773166665603,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXPL\/EQU-EQU\/0517\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/EQU-EQU\/0517\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04540\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04540\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IST-ID\/156-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IST-ID\/156-2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific Research and Technology and Bibliotheca Alexandria (ASRT-BA)","award":["EXPL\/EQU-EQU\/0517\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/EQU-EQU\/0517\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific Research and Technology and Bibliotheca Alexandria (ASRT-BA)","award":["UIDP\/04540\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04540\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific Research and Technology and Bibliotheca Alexandria (ASRT-BA)","award":["IST-ID\/156-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IST-ID\/156-2018"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific Research and Technology and Bibliotheca Alexandria (ASRT-BA)","award":["1436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1436"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Catalysts"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Direct liquid fuel cells represent one of the most rapidly emerging energy conversion devices. The main challenge in developing fuel cell devices is finding low-cost and highly active catalysts. In this work, PET bottle waste was transformed into nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) as valuable catalyst support. NG was prepared by a one-pot thermal decomposition process of mineral water waste bottles with urea at 800 \u00b0C. Then, NG\/Pt electrocatalysts with Pt loadings as low as 0.9 wt.% and 1.8 wt.% were prepared via a simple reduction method in aqueous solution at room temperature. The physical and electrochemical properties of the NG\/Pt electrocatalysts are characterized and evaluated for application in direct borohydride peroxide fuel cells (DBPFCs). The results show that NG\/Pt catalysts display catalytic activity for borohydride oxidation reaction, particularly the NG\/Pt_1, with a number of exchanged electrons of 2.7. Using NG\/Pt composite in fuel cells is anticipated to lower prices and boost the usage of electrochemical energy devices. A DBPFC fuel cell using NG\/Pt_1 catalyst (1.8 wt.% Pt) in the anode achieved a power density of 75 mW cm\u22122 at 45 \u00b0C. The exceptional performance and economic viability become even more evident when expressed as mass-specific power density, reaching a value as high as 15.8 W mgPt\u22121.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/catal13030525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T04:29:58Z","timestamp":1678076998000},"page":"525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["From PET Bottles Waste to N-Doped Graphene as Sustainable Electrocatalyst Support for Direct Liquid Fuel Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Noha A.","family":"Elessawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Based Engineering Applications Department, Informatics Research Institute IRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4259-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordana","family":"Backovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Janesuda","family":"Hirunthanawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3783-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lazar","family":"Rako\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovi\u0107a Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5317-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa H.","family":"Gouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications City (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arafat","family":"Toghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Mohamed E.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Based Engineering Applications Department, Informatics Research Institute IRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-4012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biljana","family":"\u0160ljuki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7920-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo M. F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sloop, J.L. (1978). Liquid Hydrogen as a Propulsion Fuel."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2021.05.021","article-title":"Development of effectively costed and performant novel cation exchange ceramic nanocomposite membrane based sulfonated PVA for direct borohydride fuel cells","volume":"100","author":"Gouda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouda, M.H., Elessawy, N.A., Al-Hussain, S.A., and Toghan, A. (2021). 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