{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T20:53:44Z","timestamp":1771534424742,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00100\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["ERANETMED\/0003\/201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERANETMED\/0003\/201"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["PD\/BD\/12862\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/12862\/2017"]}]},{"name":"PhD fellowship of the FCT-CATSUS program","award":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PhD fellowship of the FCT-CATSUS program","award":["UIDP\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00100\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PhD fellowship of the FCT-CATSUS program","award":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PhD fellowship of the FCT-CATSUS program","award":["ERANETMED\/0003\/201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERANETMED\/0003\/201"]}]},{"name":"PhD fellowship of the FCT-CATSUS program","award":["PD\/BD\/12862\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/12862\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Catalysts"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the great interest in thermochemical processes for converting plastic waste into chemical feedstocks or fuels, their kinetics are still a less studied topic, especially under reductive conditions. In the present work, non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis is used to study the thermal and catalytic conversion of HDPE promoted by parent and metal-based H-USY (15) and H-ZSM-5 (11.5) zeolites under a reducing hydrogen atmosphere. Additionally, the respective kinetic parameters (apparent activation energy, Ea, and frequency factor, A) were determined by applying two distinct model-free methods: Flynn\u2013Wall\u2013Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger\u2013Akahira\u2013Sunose (KAS). The results showed that Ea of the thermal degradation of HDPE has an average value of 227 kJ\/mol for both methods. In the presence of H-USY (15) and H-ZSM-5 (11.5) zeolites, Ea is strongly reduced and is highly dependent on conversion. In the case of H-USY (15), Ea varies from 78 to 157 kJ\/mol for the KAS method and from 83 to 172 kJ\/mol for the FWO method. Slightly lower values are reported for H-ZSM-5, with Ea values in the range of 53\u2013122 kJ\/mol for KAS and 61\u2013107 kJ\/mol for FWO. The presence and type of the metal source (Ni, Pt, or Pd) also affect the kinetic parameters of the reaction. The mean Ea values follow the order: Ni &gt; Pt \u2248 Pd for H-USY (15) or H-ZSM-5 zeolites. Accordingly, both parent and metal-based H-USY (15) and H-ZSM-5 zeolites can significantly reduce energy consumption in HDPE hydrocracking, thus promoting a more sustainable conversion of plastic waste.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/catal14080514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T09:48:54Z","timestamp":1723196934000},"page":"514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analyzing HDPE Thermal and Catalytic Degradation in Hydrogen Atmosphere: A Model-Free Approach to the Activation Energy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4164-2224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica Aplicada, Ciencia e Ingenier\u00eda de los Materiales y Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1704-1362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Plastics in the circular economy (CE)","volume":"29","author":"Mrowiec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. 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