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Pretreatment conditions were optimized (20 mg\/L of iron sulfate, pH 5.0, and reaction time of 14 min) resulting in glucan and xylan hydrolysis yields of 96% and 89%, respectively. The hydrolysate produced under these conditions was fermented using a co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae IR2 (an ethanol-producing strain) and Candida tropicalis UFMGBX12 (a xylitol-producing strain). Optimal co-culture conditions consisted of using an inoculum concentration of 1.5 g\/L for each yeast strain. After 36 h of fermentation, ethanol and xylitol concentrations reached 20 g\/L and 13 g\/L, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of combining hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted photo-Fenton pretreatment with co-culture fermentation to simultaneously produce ethanol and xylitol. This strategy presents a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency of lignocellulosic biorefineries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/catal15050418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T06:18:02Z","timestamp":1745475482000},"page":"418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Assisted Photo-Fenton Pretreatment and Yeast Co-Culture as Strategies to Produce Ethanol and Xylitol from Sugarcane Bagasse"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Carina Aline","family":"Prado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-5895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana J\u00falia E. B.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Paulo A. F. H. P.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2899-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius P.","family":"Shibukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fanny M.","family":"Jofre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Bruna G.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0669-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio Silv\u00e9rio","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7182-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solange I.","family":"Mussatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, S\u00f8ltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-6155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falio C\u00e9sar","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, SP, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dragone, G., Kerssemakers, A.A.J., Driessen, J.L.S.P., Yamakawa, C.K., Brumano, L.P., and Mussatto, S.I. 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