{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:54:30Z","timestamp":1777445670048,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,27]],"date-time":"2018-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/77768\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/77768\/2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/01084\/2014\/CP1214\/CT0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01084\/2014\/CP1214\/CT0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Catalysts"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Activated bio-based carbons produced from vine shoots (VSAC) and grape stalks (GSAC), which have larger surface area and total pore volume than most of the commercially available activated carbons, are used as supports for palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The prepared materials are characterised by elemental analysis, N2-sorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis and are then assessed as potential cathodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. The electrocatalysts\u2019 performance for HER is evaluated from cathodic polarisation curves at different temperatures and compared to that of Vulcan XC72-supported Pd NPs. Additional chronoamperometry studies helped to assess the electrocatalysts\u2019 activity stability. The novel VSAC-supported Pd electrocatalyst exhibits good HER activity in terms of high current density at low overpotentials, leading to the best performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/catal8020050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T07:46:20Z","timestamp":1517211980000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vine Shoots and Grape Stalks as Carbon Sources for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst Supports"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3422-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.A.S.B.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-4012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"\u0160ljuki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3544-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Erdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, F\u0131rat University, 23279 Elaz\u0131\u011f, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7556-2858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.A.C.","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7920-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.M.F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"797","article-title":"Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropogenic climate change\u2014A review","volume":"52","author":"Tang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2013.10.016","article-title":"Electrocatalytic behaviors of silver\u2013palladium nanoalloys modified carbon ionic liquid electrode towards hydrogen evolution reaction","volume":"118","author":"Safavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-006-2328-0","article-title":"Advancing towards a hydrogen energy economy: Status, opportunities and barriers","volume":"12","author":"Dixon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mitig. 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