{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T13:28:30Z","timestamp":1773149310247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTQ2015-64944-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ2015-64944-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional Regional do Norte, NORTE 2020","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006"]}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Catalysts"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Numerous contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been found in different water bodies. Directive 2013\/39\/EU and Decision 2018\/840\/EU are consequently being implemented in the field of water policies. Twelve CECs (e.g., isoproturon, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin are among those listed) were detected in a municipal wastewater secondary effluent by means of solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-MS\/MS). Different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the combination of ozone, UVA-LED and powdered TiO2, were investigated for their removal in a semi-batch operation. In addition, TiO2-coated glass rings (P25R) were characterized with different techniques (SEM, WDXRF) and used for continuous mode operation in a packed bed reactor (PBR). Among the AOPs studied, ozone-based processes were found to be more efficient than heterogeneous photocatalysis. A kinetic study was performed showing that direct ozonation is the main oxidation pathway for CEC removal. Ozone was successfully decomposed in combination with UVA-LED and P25R, resulting in an apparent rate constant of 3.2 \u00d7 10\u22122 s\u22121 higher than in the O3\/LED system (1.0 \u00d7 10\u22123 s\u22121) or with ozone alone (8.6 \u00d7 10\u22125 s\u22121). Hydroxyl radical reaction could prevail over direct ozone reaction for the most refractory compounds (e.g., isoproturon).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/catal9050472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T03:22:03Z","timestamp":1558581723000},"page":"472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Removal of Organic Micropollutants from a Municipal Wastewater Secondary Effluent by UVA-LED Photocatalytic Ozonation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8781-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Agua, Cambio Clim\u00e1tico y Sostenibilidad, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas S\/N, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno F. F.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n M. T.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3624-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Agua, Cambio Clim\u00e1tico y Sostenibilidad, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas S\/N, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Pedro M.","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Agua, Cambio Clim\u00e1tico y Sostenibilidad, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas S\/N, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5889-0526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Agua, Cambio Clim\u00e1tico y Sostenibilidad, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas S\/N, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.05.040","article-title":"Occurrence of organic microcontaminants in the wastewater treatment process. 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